and the 2nd switch to the ground and get 0V output voltage. The truth table is used to show the logic gate function. The Boolean expression of the NAND gate is: The truth table of a NAND gate is given as; This gate is the combination of OR and NOT gate. Describe in your lab report each of their functions. Whereas logic 0 as off Low state. stream Comment. endobj Use the DIP switch to set the input to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. When The truth table of a two-input OR basic gate is given as; In the AND gate, the output of an AND gate attains state 1 if and only if all the inputs are in state 1. They are the basic building blocks of any logic circuit. xm?k1wd8U@x](_x?=K8K'wBGI.st. The text ptovides a clear and easily understandable discussion of logic circuit design without the use of unnecessary formalism. endobj (3)The XOR gate:From NOT, AND and OR gate. October 29, 2007 - 4 - Version 5.3e . Click Start Quiz to begin! gs](LC06o s,IOE}J3u , [o - 9!ww+U7y~b{Kk%F]=H0v 8e-fHd9]; U;qR;f-v_u}W[0W~ The truth table consists of three columns- two inputs and one And we built circuits using multisim to prove if the output was false or true and based on the voltage output we found. Transistors are electronic switches. endobj These are the fundamental components of integrated circuits. endobj x [Content_Types].xml ( j0EJ(eh4vc;1%814 { 3Fd>Hkr2$-}$Il!f4: M"FDi,dJafV(&i[n!q$sWEDJ_NnI]xP@Su2`t7G',wp$>LLc][/|QE!9y!|Y4{fQyy"py?bD5 vk^y/H36Wpy";So]1~oTv#| PK ! "#$% !!&'!()*+,!-.+!/0123,!)40!)1*)4! Propagation delay is the time delay for a signal transition to propagate from input to output when the binary input signals change in value. 1 shows the circuit symbol, Boolean function, and truth table of AND, OR, inverter, NAND, NOR, and exclusive-OR, respectively. Use two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. Do this for all possible combinations of inputs. Firstly, we connect both of the switches to the ground and get output voltage of 0V. and found the output voltage 4 times. And then we are going to investigate the circuits in order to fill out the truth tables verify according to the voltages measured. Use the DIP switch to set the input to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. Use two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. Abstract. These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. PDF | This paper aims to present a deflection prediction model of Near Surface Mounted (NSM) Reinforce Concrete (RC) beams using the Fuzzy Logic Expert. OR. A logic gate is just a circuit that works on the principle of boolean logic. A gate is an electronic device which is used to compute a function on a two valued signal. For example, logic gates can be used in technologies such as smartphones, tablets or within memory devices. Fig. The lab consists of 4 problems that will be completed on tinkercad.com. endobj To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. <> Reading Level 3-4 Interest Level 6-12 "This lab manual is designed to be used in conjunction <> 20 0 obj endstream t(%@ !-@!9a!7-)0 ! Fig. Procedure 2: Use four of the switches in the Digital Output section of the . 0. a. One of the primary benefits is that basic logic gates can be used in various combinations if the operations are advanced. Ans: The output of the AND Gate will be low no matter what the other 2 input levels might be. 9d/ 6{\FwyyA?,38.m1"Us5P.^bsiP\^7pk9L@tLJ8m1..+h?I:~[e+ D*T3[@q-y^/(3CO2 We are given a 3 input AND gate and want to use it as a 2 input AND gate. cbo#\bf{8ve'sLl]1zx*wqwFDa0eN/o,&K_ 'YXw7EBP]$-ChEc tDPrj|^b#^klQ>{#Csv)Qw#"1/` ~LQTn :(oAH1zTp(~xu,S{I% https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/logic-gate-AND-OR-XOR-NOT-NAND-NOR-an, Fundamentals Of Digital Systems (EMT 1250). stream In this lesson, we will further look at the different types of basic logic gates with their truth table and understand what each one is designed for. 3BBasic Logic Gates . Similarly each xUNI !st+NOVPkPOXI+ -kx% xTXnmhf:+UGe_e* Part E : Universalityof NAND and NOR Gates Objectives: To demonstrate the operation and characteristics of NAND and NOR gates and to show how any of these gates can be used to perform any of the three basic logic functions. Lab Report On Basics Logic Gate. However, it can be restricted due to the given physical space in the device. Observe the output on a scope. when we connected both switches to the ground the voltage was 0, where we see that 0T\N-U9xgsb&. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the operation of simple logic gates and flip flops. The common ones are; Additionally, these gates can also be found in a combination of one or two. #+0.)23,!/-12'*(!#=(!-.+!)4021!(?082328-)2'. endobj The interdisciplinary and global approach provides a thorough introduction and includes . endobj <> 1 shows the circuit symbol, Boolean function, and truth table of AND, OR, inverter, NAND, NOR, and exclusive-OR, respectively. Table 1 defines the 16 logic gates, shows logical symbol, behavior in symbolic logic, provides name, notes. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Finally, we connect both of Multisim. TTL has a well-established popularity among logic families. This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. The basic logic gates are the basic building blocks of more complex logic circuits. Resistor colour coding | lab work. To do this we used a TTL logic system provided in the lab with a +5V signal consisting of NAND and NOT gates. Leave a Comment Cancel reply. Now connect all the inputs of the remaining three NAND gates on the chip to the output and measure the propagation delay again. Logic gates are used to carry out logical operations on single or multiple binary inputs and give one binary output. A complex electronic system may have many thousands of gates. The common ECL type is designated as the 10,000 series. But when both switches were connected to the power we got a output voltage of 5V. Firstly, we construct a circuit using 5V DC Power, a 7404 (Inverter) NOT gate, SPDT You will then use logic gates to draw a sche- . AND gate The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) only if all its inputs are high. You can see from Fig. Report DMCA. Thirdly, we connect the 1st switch to the power and the 2nd switch to the ground and get 0V output voltage. Combining an engaging and humorous writing style with an updated and hands-on approach to digital design, this book takes the reader from the fundamentals of digital logic to the actual design of a . 2 0 obj I tested the output voltage of the breadboard circuits using the multi-meter, and ensured the results corresponded with the truth table of the logic gate tested. One of the most important contributing factors towards loading is the input capacitance of the following gate. <> **VB\DCBXN'n"'qpD n)M(sJeE2qM(E#4[;7mX4ZY5|y*=-EdZL"+|9 when both switches were connected to the power we got a output voltage of 5V. To draw these gates, first select . Discussion: Digital electronic circuits are built using logic gates. Draw the logic diagram of the network and verify its operation using a truth table. We began to construct a circuit diagram composed mainly of the AND, OR and an INVERTER logic gate for each of the two functions and listed every output voltages we measured from the VOM. <> Otherwise, the output is 0. TTL and ECL are based upon bipolar transistors. OR, AND and NOT are basic gates. 8j*uFskX5hTBue:%dpN?6=I4^lKABKK /qq}f=Sry/ldeOFc(o@EPn8^ZV~i.&X56mHDv6 8` gl[rf_=5 W1I7BicDlDA%5kH AQ0#6+mDEuFOTgmae.ji7 bNl1Pi9>w3QLp7CM[R5y]m'#O/RTP)rd2{tZ9SB8bH]iGrScZ4~$AOe@zD @ 'A=`@d?-j>7 People are most familiar with the ones that are named: NAND, NOR, AND, OR, XOR. Combinational logic requires the use of two or more gates to form a useful, complex function. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 36 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 2>> But <> Logic gates are used to carry out the logical operations on single or multiple binary inputs and result in one binary output. Each logic family has its own basic electronic circuit upon which more complex digital circuits and functions are developed. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. Lab 2 6 4. Logic equation: Y A.B Truth Table: A B [adsense1] Basically, all logic gates have one output and two inputs. 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The objectives of this experiment include: Objectives Review basic principles of digital logic from ELEC 2200 Due to the fact that CMOS logic is more widely used in VLSI digital circuits than any other logic, students are required to understand the basic structure of the CMOS logic. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Fig. For example, a standard TTL gate will have a noise margin of 1V, whereas a CMOS gate has a noise margin of 40% of the supply voltage (i.e. Software bench-test for process sequences cleaning in place (CIP), sterilization in place (SIP) Preparation and review of valve . The following types of logic gates are commonly used: AND. Learn more about accessibility on the OpenLab, New York City College of Technology | City University of New York, EMT Laboratories Open Education Resources, Lab 0: Digital Trainer and Troubleshooting, Lab 01: Schematic Diagrams and Electronic Testing Equipment, Lab 05: Universal Capability of NAND and NOR Gates, Lab 11: Introduction to D and J-K Flip-Flop, To exam a logic circuit and investigate the operation of the. Each type of gate has one or more (most often two) inputs and one output. Practical - lab report 1, experiment 1 - Lab Report 1: Experiment 1 Logic Gates and Multisim - Studocu Lab report for experiment, typed, including introduction, methods, results and conclusion lab report experiment logic gates and multisim introduction: the aim DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ans: The output of the AND Gate will be low no matter what the other 2 input levels AND gate truth table. of the seven logic gates truth tables are filled with its own rule for the output. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. 5V DC Power Supply Logic Probe SPDT Switch 7404 (Inverter) 7408 (AND gate) 7432 (OR gate) Multisim. Select the correct answer and click on the Finish buttonCheck your score and answers at the end of the quiz, Visit BYJUS for all Jee related queries and study materials, Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. below shows the circuit symbol, Boolean function, and truth. EGC221: Digital Logic Lab - Lab Report Experiment # 2 Division of Engineering Programs Page 4 of 12 (a) Verify the . A gate can be extended to have multiple inputs if the binary operation it represents is commutative and associative. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. For each gate: 1. Flip Flop Lab Report. To verify DeMorgan's Theorem 3. [y ]1!1Cvg (M`1y/q+9@ "nIC GAzc8-n]1pVk ~1fq#+_gk_+FPhp"Bl29] we used a AND Gate and measured the output voltage 4 different ways similar to the OR Do this for all possible combinations of inputs. the switch to the power and got a output voltage of 0V. When one switch was connected to the power, we got a 5V output voltage. Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design teaches the basic design techniques for logic circuits. The logical inputs of the truth table are applied and the corresponding output is noted. <> The input and output of a logic gate are based on certain logic, which is explained using Boolean algebra. Part 2. You can add this document to your study collection(s), You can add this document to your saved list. input is true 1 and the other one is false 0, then the output is false 0. . 34 0 obj If one input to a 3 input OR gate were accidentally connected to VCC (shortedto VCC), how would the output of the OR gate react no matter what the other 2input levels might be? The experiment was also aimed at study of the behavior of the gates such as 74xx series TTL gates by using voltage range of 0 and +5. endstream Each logic family is characterized by several circuit parameters. Firstly, we connect the 1st switch to the ground and the 2nd switch to the power and get 0V output voltage. Assistant Bioprocess Engineer. 1 0 obj Fig. The variables are binary, logic 1 is designated as ON or High State. The 4069 contains 6 of these inverters on one chip. First theorem It states that the NAND gate isequivalentto a bubbled OR gate. To verify logic truth tables from the voltages measured. For example, The following logic families are the most frequently used. Logic gates are the digital circuits with one output and one or more inputs. *k)XRX0SY!}.U.i"3P/T~_>@0{ S`Jzwy~;@&wob38?a1[d@/6uTg6\7 2-input OR gate c. 2-input NAND gate d. 2-input NOR gate e. 2-input XOR gate f. 2-input XNOR gate g. Inverter gate 1. Figure 28 in the Appendix) as inputs, and the Digital Indicators not sufficient to implement complex digital logic functions. xR]k0}/?G,M6 lLcCjsEa!$7{nXogti-{Kk%_=H,Xb,mvN. Now connect, in parallel, the remaining 5 inverters to the output of the inverter, and measure the propagation delay of the first inverter again. 11 0 obj Lab 1 Part 3 Gate testing: Test each gate in the simulator (MultiSim). switch to the power and get 0V output voltage. But if only one input is true 1 and the other one is false 0, then the output is false 0. Also show their logic symbol, use the function in an equation and show the Truth Table for one gate in each of the integrated circuits. IDL-800 Digital Lab "Breadboard" unit with test equipment and power supply built in IDL-800 User Manual, if necessary (in lab cabinet) Common logic gates: SN 74LS04 hex inverter, SN 74LS00/SN74LS08 quad 2-input NAND and AND gates, SN 74LS02/SN 74LS32 quad 2-input NOR and OR gates, SN 74LS86 XOR gate Wire connection kit 5. There are various commercial integrated circuit chips available. A logic gate is a digital gate that allows data to be transferred. Verify the operation of the basic logic gates. 17 0 obj thus, the circuit behave like a gate which either allows a signal to pass through it or blocks. The Full Set (AND, OR, and NOT) and Complete Sets (AND/NOT and OR/NOT) can also be . Under this experiment (Basics Logic Gates) we will study the operation of the AND, NAND, OR and NOR logic gates and analyse the outputs with the truth tables for the aforesaid, A large number of electronic circuits in computers, control units and so on are made up of. 24 0 obj 9:^nlIi4 F7 Rs[\VnWduZ6cfEUPUOow-S Zh!@`Xwu,?pfg4|1-%QOU{4BU,sA]E"->,S1L gr+ J$MI#dQUl7+3f6AYKkUU^2O)Tt}"eRib.&Tij#v'cw$|YUD>^|`?s,$%{rq_!%(8?8-lyvu/BM]|MXA Fd NAND, NOR and X-OR are known as universal gates. The former has a wide operating-temperature range, suitable for military use, and the latter has a narrower temperature range, suitable for industrial use. AND: The output of AND gate is true when the inputs A and B are True. 9 0 obj It is seen from the Fig that each gate has one or two binary inputs, A and B . This needs to be done for each of the four integrated circuits (ICs) (chips). Explain your result. This subtractor circuit executes a subtraction between two bits, which has 3- inputs (A, B, and Bin) and two outputs (D and Bout). 16 0 obj endobj rules for their truth table. Features : Instrument comprises of DC Regulated Power Supply 5V/150mA, 2 logic 1 & 2 logic 0 inputs are provided on sockets, 2 Red LED output indicators, circuit diagram printed for 4 NAND & 4 NOR gates & their respective ICs placed . 33 0 obj The function is . output. There are two types of noise to be considered. The experiments in this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to digital electronic circuits. Use the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. If we get 5V measure we put 1 in the table and if we get 0V measure we put 0 in the table. 2. Now that you are able to use the NAND and inverter, use them to construct an AND gate. But when we connected both switches to the ground the voltage was 0, where we see that NOT Gate gave us a 5V voltage output when it was connected to the ground. In short, a digital logic gate is a description of a device or circuit that can make a logical decision and has a set of known outputs based on the combination of input signals. endobj Power dissipation is the supplied power required to operate the desired logic function. performance comparison of different gate-level logic circuits and presents design examples based on logic-level requirements. [ 15 0 R] 4. Each gate has one or more input and only one output. The basic logic gates are the basic building blocks of more complex logic circuits . STUDY OF LOGIC GATES AIM: To study about logic gates and verify their truth tables. Each gate performs a specific logic function behind which there is an equivalent transistor based electronic circuit. Q@!} The truth table of a two-input AND basic gate is given as; In a NOT gate, the output of a NOT gate attains state 1 if and only if the input does not attain state 1. In part one, we used a NOT Gate and found the output voltage in two ways. The OpenLab is an open-source, digital platform designed to support teaching and learning at City Tech (New York City College of Technology), and to promote student and faculty engagement in the intellectual and social life of the college community. (LV qW:zOR4Ag5gVbm 0A|3,YXZ44W0s@"D{,@^sDQE "7p 0^ 0YLzv;xWw9%`JHM6m>w4?w=/z~||?yb_XZi{H\%yR^=J%9!/FU(.y0EXR~q#;]Yxa&gGEjLS%;cX4!b;!Yk!OWbG1V|:A4JT! This table is called a truth table. PK ! endobj <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 28 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> The Routledge Handbook of Literature and Space maps the key areas of spatiality within literary studies, offering a comprehensive overview but also pointing towards new and exciting directions of study. J4 Analysis of Basic Logic Gates Procedure: Setup the circuits shown on page 4 to analyze the operation of the various basic logic gates. If one input to a 3 input AND gate were accidentally connected to Ground(shorted to Ground), how would the output of the AND gate react no matterwhat the other 2 input levels might be. This basic logic gate is the combination of AND and NOT gates. @J'Ny, <> Required fields are marked *, \(\begin{array}{l}Y=\bar{A}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}Y=\overline{A.B}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}Y =\overline{A+B}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}A.\bar{B}+\bar{A}.B\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}Y = A \bigoplus B\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}\bar{A.B} = \bar{A}+ \bar{B}\end{array} \), \(\begin{array}{l}\overline{A+B} = \bar{A}. There are seven basic logic gates, for example: AND, The AND gate is used to detect the presence of high signals, or ls, on both inputs A and B. endobj APPARATUS REQUIRED: 6. stream First each of the logic gates were connected to the power and the ground one at a time. To what extent higher education in Australia is meritocratic. The truth table of a NOR gate is as follows; In an XOR gate, the output of a two-input XOR gate attains state 1 if one adds only input attains state 1. Exceeding the specified maximum fan-out (or load) may cause a malfunction because the circuit cannot supply the power demanded from it. Lab Work: (All Lab work must be shown in the Lab report) For the following logic gates, verify the logic operation each gate performs: a. To implement an OR gate using NAND gates Note: There is no lab report required for this lab. The basic logic gates are the building blocks of more complex logic circuits. Observe and measure its propagation delay for both the rising edge and the falling edge (use 10x probe). <> Suppose logic 0 is 0V and logic 1 is 5V, ideally. h$#.Z{{zCNOnNOH2IId@cH@s;i~%4> package opener slitit; Secondly, we connect the 1st switch to the ground and 2nd switch to the power and get 5V output voltage. Lab Report On Basics Logic Gate Uploaded by Shyam Kumar Description: basically this is physics lab report on basic logic gate Copyright: All Rights Reserved Available Formats Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd Flag for inappropriate content of 9 BASIC LOGIC GATES Shyam Kumar M.Sc Physics Roll No-15510059 shyam.kumar@iitgn.ac.in (2)The NOR gate:From OR and NOT gate. 14 0 obj Lab 2, Digital Logic Gates, investigates the behavior of six IC gates. Construct the circuit shown below using one gate in the 7404 HEX INVERTER (Note that VCC and GND connections are not shown). They are widely used in large scale integrated circuits because of their high component density and relatively low power consumption. pFW <>/Metadata 729 0 R/ViewerPreferences 730 0 R>> You will learn how to use the IDL-800 "Bit Bucket" breadboarding system to build circuits using common logic gates. for AND gate when both inputs are true 1, the output is also true 1. The power supply for TTL ICs usually is 5V. Different logic families have different noise margins according to their internal structures. Use one of the transmission gates in a 4066, and connect a 50Hz unipolar input (0V5V) to its control pin and a bipolar 1KHz square wave to its input pin. ini adalah materi dari gerbang logika untuk pelajaran elektronika. endobj endobj Now apply a square wave to the input of the inverter. <> the switches to the power and get a output voltage of 5V. When one switch was connected to the power, we got a 5V output voltage. Using a single type of logic gate for the construction of logic function is preferable. Figure 4. There are several basic logic gates used in performing operations in digital systems. 0)"1 ! endobj E-Book Overview. Fundamental logical functions are performed using basic logic gates. Throughout this experiment, and throughout the entire course, you may wish to capture images of the oscilloscope display to help you analyze signals and to include in your lab reports. The AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates can be extended to have more than two inputs. A logic gate is a device that acts as a building block for digital circuits. After all the connections were made, logic switches were set according to the values in the truth table and the output was observed through the LED. The objective for conducting these experiments, is to see how the operation of Logic Gates work. Switches and a ground. Use the Logic Probe to endobj But The total power dissipation of the whole system, therefore, can be very high. 0 to 0.8V = Logic 0 and lights the. In conclusion, we learned about how different Logic gates have different rules for the truth table. It emphasizes the synthesis of circuits and explains how circuits are implemented in real chips. endobj 1)The NAND gate:From AND and NOT gate. <> Its very important for us! Ans: When both inputs of an OR Gate are false 0, the output is also false 0. ECL is used only in systems requiring high-speed operation. Vary the inputs of each gate and measure the output. We also constructed a series of possible answer for each combination so as to serve as a guide to the values we re going to measure.
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