After it was forced into receivership in 1933, the franchise was reorganized in 1935 as Green Bay Packers, Inc., which is still operating today. [80] On October 15, during a week 6 game against the Minnesota Vikings, Aaron Rodgers was driven to the ground by Vikings linebacker Anthony Barr after throwing a pass. Last Updated: October 8, 2020 The team went 122, and as time wound down in the NFL Championship against the Dallas Cowboys, the Packers clung to a 3427 lead. The team clinched the NFC North for the fifth time in six years with their Week 17 win over the Detroit Lions. Usually, little to nothing in terms of cash or a paycheck. 1 in defense with Reggie White as the leader of the defense and no. They have played over 100 games against each of those teams through history, and have a winning overall record against all of them, a distinction only shared with the Kansas City Chiefs and Dallas Cowboys. As of today and for the low price of $250 per share, you can officially purchase part ownership in the Green Bay Packers. You may opt-out by. Financial troubles plagued the team and the franchise was forfeited within the year before Lambeau found new financial backers and regained the franchise the next year. Soon afterward, Wolf acquired quarterback Brett Favre from the Atlanta Falcons for a first-round pick. How to apply for a . According to Cabaldon, in 1996 there were 7,322 public companies. As the Packers website explains, "Green Bay Packers Inc., has been a publicly owned, nonprofit corporation since Aug. 18, 1923, when original articles of incorporation were filed with Wisconsin's secretary of state." Welcome to the amazing world of wild creatures. Know that privately held company boards need board members. Share the fact that you are looking for a board, and socialize why, which industry, and the value you offer, he advises, adding that it is also important to get in touch with board-specific recruiters. They appeared in the playoffs twice, with a 12 record. You should also take advantage of networking events to meet other executives and get your name out there. This consistent level of success would lead to Lombardi's Packers becoming one of the most prominent teams of their era, and to being featured as the face of the NFL on the cover of Time on December 21, 1962, as part of the magazine's cover story on "The Sport of the '60s". This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. A 2007 panel of football experts at ESPN ranked the 1996 Packers the 6th-greatest team ever to play in the Super Bowl. One has to remember that a board role is not focused on functional delivery but rather on assessment of current strategies, advisement, and alignment. Another option would be to get involved in your local technology startup community and offer to mentor younger entrepreneurs in their journey.. The Packers declined to allow any directors, other than lead director Thomas Olson, to be interviewed for this story. [142] The team won its first six NFL world championships there. According to multiple reports, the Titans are hiring San Francisco 49ers director of pro personnel, Ran Carthon, to the their next general manager. Brett Favre threw 3 TDs, no interceptions, and had a passer rating of 135. Do my goals align with this organization and its board? Poor personnel decisions were rife, notoriously the 1974 trade by acting general manager Dan Devine which sent five 1975 or 1976 draft picks (two first-rounders, two-second-rounders and a third) to the Los Angeles Rams for aging quarterback John Hadl, who would spend only 1.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}12 seasons in Green Bay. [a][14][104][105] Rather than being the property of an individual, partnership, or corporate entity, they are held by stockholders, more than 537,000 in total as of 2022. The arrival of end Don Hutson from Alabama in 1935 gave Lambeau and the Packers the most-feared and dynamic offensive weapon in the game. If you desire more credibility and more influence, serving on some boards of directors is a great start. [58] Aware of the motivational tactic, team president Mark Murphy instructed his organization to begin designing the ring. Green Bay finished the season strongly, winning 7 out of their last 8 games, including winning their 16th regular season finale in the past 17 seasons, and earning a NFC wild-card playoff bid with an 115 regular-season record. We understand that and try to act appropriately.. I care about the mission of the organization, and think that my skills and experience will make me valuable.". If (Green Bays quarterback situation) does not work out, (Ted Thompson and Aaron Rodgers) will both be gone. [15], The Packers are the last of the "small town teams" which were common in the NFL during the league's early days of the 1920s and 1930s. [24] Lambeau solicited funds for uniforms from his employer, the Indian Packing Company, a meat packing company. Aaron Rodgers' brother Jordan also appeared. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6a\/Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-8-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-8-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/6\/6a\/Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-8-Version-3.jpg\/aid63343-v4-728px-Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-8-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. This will indicate that you will be valuable to the board, and not duplicate the skills of an existing board member. Murphys had 13executive committee members, including himself, during his tenure. In fact, the Packers are now the only publicly owned company with a board of directors in American professional sports (although other teams are directly owned by publicly traded companies, such as the New York Rangers (Cablevision), the Seattle Mariners (Nintendo of America), and the Toronto Blue Jays (Rogers Communications)). Harlan hired the Seattle Seahawks' vice president of operations Ted Thompson as the new executive vice president, general manager and director of football operations. While new shares can be given as gifts, transfers are technically allowed only between immediate family members once ownership has been established.[110]. 2. [45] The Packers' passing offense, led by Favre and a very skilled wide receiver group, finished second in the NFC, behind the Dallas Cowboys, and third overall in the league. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. [161], On the television sitcom That '70s Show, in season 7 episode 14, Donna Pinciotti gave the gangincluding Red Forman, a long-time Packer fansix free tickets to Lambeau Field for a game against the Chicago Bears. [160] In 2017, Scripps and the Packers Television Network began to originate the Packers Family Night broadcast. [71] The team went undefeated at home for the first time since the 2011 season; they also led the league in scoring, with 486 points, the second-most in franchise history. [42] In the end, this game turned out to be the end of an era in Green Bay. Stephanie Overby is a regular contributor to CIO.com. What is the organizational structure of the Green Bay Packers? Think of where you want to end up: what kinds of people you want to work with, what kinds of industries you want to work with, and what kinds of things you want to be doing.. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/52\/Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-1-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-1-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/5\/52\/Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-1-Version-3.jpg\/aid63343-v4-728px-Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-1-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. During Week 2 of the preseason against the Pittsburgh Steelers, wide receiver Jordy Nelson caught an eight-yard pass from Aaron Rodgers, but then fell to the turf without contact. Green Bay Packers, Inc. (361,300 stockholders governed by a Board of Directors). Many argued that during the 49ers game-winning drive, Niners receiver Jerry Rice fumbled the ball but officials stated he was down by contact. The team's elected president normally represents the Packers in NFL owners meetings. Understand that publicly traded company board spots are limited and declining, says board recruiting expert Larry Cabaldon, who has personally recruited 300 people to serve on a board of directors. [144] The city responded by building a new 32,150 seat City Stadium for the team, the first built exclusively for an NFL team, which opened in time for the 1957 season. Goalpost uprights would be made taller the next year. The team placed Rodgers back on injured reserve after the game, a move that prompted several teams to complain that the Packers had violated the NFL's rules about reactivating injured players. Thats where the work gets done, said Ed Policy, vice president and general counsel. The Packers have been a community-owned team since 1923 when the Green Bay Football Corporation was founded. For more tips, including how to ace an interview for a director position, read on! Only John Bergstrom remains from Harlans tenure, though turnover remains rare. Following the season, quarterback Aaron Rodgers was named the league's Most Valuable Player for the second time. 1 in NFL", "The Packers' roots run deep in Milwaukee", "How the Packers Kept Milwaukee a One-Team Town", "No screen pass: Packers-Vikings not on TV in some areas", "Mystique of Lambeau Field welcomes Raiders to Green Bay", "The World's 50 Most Valuable Sports Teams 2019", "The truth and myth about 'The Hungry Five', "Dec. 8, 1929: Packers earn first league title", "Green Bay Packers explain why three championship trophies are missing from Hall of Fame", "In throes of winter, a team in disarray is reborn", "Out of the Icebox, the N.F.L. This would be Brett Favre's final game as a Green Bay Packer with his final pass being an interception in overtime. Games air in Green Bay on WTAQ (1360/97.5) and WIXX-FM (101.1), and WAPL (105.7) and WHBY (1150) in Appleton and the Fox Cities. Kathy Mihm - Communications Director. 3 min read. The Packers have won four Super Bowls. Or call him at (920) 431-8342. Many need a more effective board with new blood, says Cabaldon. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The seven-member Executive Committee of the Green Bay Packers presently is composed of: (back row) Karl A. Schmidt, Member; Daniel T. Ariens, Secretary; Mark H. Murphy, President; Donald J. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. [102] For his performance in the season, Aaron Rodgers won his fourth MVP award- the second most for any quarterback, only behind Peyton Manning who has five. The 1966 season saw the Packers led to the first-ever Super Bowl by MVP quarterback Bart Starr. Green Bay Packers, Inc., is governed by a seven-member executive committee elected from a 45-member board of directors. Think not-for-proift too. The National Football League, of which the Packers are a member, does not allow corporate membership, and instead requires clubs to be wholly owned either by a single owner, or small group of owners, and requires that at least one owner owns a 1/3 stake in the team. [84] In a 230 loss to the Baltimore Ravens in week 11, the Packers suffered their first shutout at Lambeau Field in 11 years (the last time was a 350 loss to the New England Patriots in 2006). It is the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919,[12][13] and is the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. The proposed changes will be taken up at the Board's August meeting. On October 27, 2021, the Packers announced that it would end its longtime association with WTMJ at the end of the season, with iHeartMedia's sports radio station WRNW (97.3) becoming the team's Milwaukee radio affiliate in 2022.[157]. The Packers have three practice facilities across the street from Lambeau Field in Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin: the Don Hutson Center, an indoor facility; Ray Nitschke Field, an outdoor field with artificial FieldTurf; and Clarke Hinkle Field, an outdoor field with natural grass. For both nonprofit or for-profit companies, the duties of a board of directors can include: Establishing the purpose and mission of an organization Approving or appointing the people in high-level positions in the company, called officers Supporting and reviewing officers Determining executive compensation amounts Managing financial resources If any directors are approaching retirement. About 86,000 names are on the waiting list for season tickets.[116]. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Iowa State University's Extension and Outreach program dedicated to educating and engaging communities, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/85\/Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-7-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-7-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/8\/85\/Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-7-Version-3.jpg\/aid63343-v4-728px-Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-7-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Matt LaFleur became the first coach to have three straight 13-win seasons, however none of them ended with a trip to the Super Bowl. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. [37] The NFL Championship game, a rematch of the 1966 contest against Dallas, became indelibly known as the "Ice Bowl" as a result of the brutal conditions at Lambeau Field. American Football Database is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. When asking for an appointment, say something like: "If you have any room on the board, I'd like to serve as one of the directors. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Rather than being the property of an individual, partnership, or corporate entity, they are held as of 2022 by 537,460 stockholders.Green Bay Packers, Inc. A 45-member board of directors is elected by the stockholders, who in turn elect a seven-member executive committee. This is a BETA experience. Required fields are marked *. The Packers had won all previous games, and the media speculated that another 49ers loss would result in the dismissal of San Francisco head coach Steve Mariucci. Let your professional network know of your interest in a board position and ask them for referrals to other high-level executives and board members. 6", "Packers unveiled alternate uniforms that are throwbacks to throwbacks", "Packers introduce history-inspired alternate uniform", "New deal establishes Nike as league's official uniform provider", "Fox 11 Investigates: Close calls on the Packers calling Green Bay home", "How Lambeau Field saved the Packers in Green Bay", "Green Bay Packers Have Deep Roots in Milwaukee", "Green Bay Packers' revenue continues to grow", "For helping shape the state sports landscape, Marques Johnson, Herbert V. Kohler Jr., Ron Wolf will be honored", "Green Bay Packers switch Milwaukee radio home from WTMJ-AM to iHeartMedia sports station", "Packers and Journal Broadcast Group announce partnership deal", "Fox 11 to air Hall of Fame Game, Packers MNF games", "Green Bay Packers TV Broadcast Partners", "Green Bay Packers extend partnership with WTMJ-TV in Milwaukee", "How the Green Bay Packers Cameo in Pitch Perfect 2 Happened", "Key & Peele, Aaron Rodgers spoof player introductions", "Brett Favre In There's Something About Mary", National Football League Players Association, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Green_Bay_Packers&oldid=1134231106, American football teams established in 1919, Tourist attractions in Brown County, Wisconsin, Articles with dead external links from January 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2023, Pages using navbox columns without the first column, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Executive vice president/director of football operations , Vice president of player personnel Jon-Eric Sullivan, Director of player personnel John Wojciechowski, Director of football operations Milt Hendrickson, Director of college scouting Matt Malaspina, Assistant director of college scouting Patrick Moore, Director of pro personnel Richmond Williams, Director of football administration Melaine Marohl, Director of performance psychology/team behavioral health clinician Chris Carr, Player personnel executive Lee Gissendaner, Wide receivers/passing game coordinator , Offensive quality control Ramsen Golpashin, Defensive line/running game coordinator , Defensive backs/passing game coordinator , Strength and conditioning assistant Thadeus Jackson, Strength and conditioning assistant Mark Lovat, Strength and conditioning assistant Grant Thorne, This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 17:01. The Green Bay Packers are governed by a president and CEO, a seven-member executive committee and a 43-member board of directors. You can do this by sending out a quality board packet: All the materials board members need to start the meeting ready to discuss the issues at hand. It assists in a wide variety of activities and programs benefiting education, civic affairs, health services, human services and youth-related programs.[112]. I want to pick those opportunities where Im most comfortable and enthusiastic about leaning in.. Not every interaction is distracting you from your day job, and I wish Id understood that more, Quinlan says. Member Board Of Directors at Rancho Compasin. By using our site, you agree to our. Develop a board career plan to network and attract board opportunities. Can you buy a share of the Green Bay Packers? Ralph Wilson (Buffalo Bills)Stephen M. Ross (Miami Dolphins)Robert Kraft (New England Patriots)Woody Johnson (New York Jets), Steve Bisciotti (Baltimore Ravens)Mike Brown (Cincinnati Bengals)Randy Lerner (Cleveland Browns)Rooney Family (Pittsburgh Steelers), Bob McNair (Houston Texans)Jim Irsay (Indianapolis Colts)Shahid Khan (Jacksonville Jaguars)Bud Adams (Tennessee Titans), Pat Bowlen (Denver Broncos)Clark Hunt (Kansas City Chiefs)Carol and Mark Davis (Oakland Raiders)Alex Spanos (San Diego Chargers), Jerry Jones (Dallas Cowboys)John Mara & Steve Tisch (New York Giants)Jeffrey Lurie (Philadelphia Eagles)Daniel Snyder (Washington Redskins), Virginia Halas McCaskey (Chicago Bears)William Clay Ford, Sr. (Detroit Lions)Shareholders (Green Bay Packers)Zygi Wilf (Minnesota Vikings), Arthur Blank (Atlanta Falcons)Jerry Richardson (Carolina Panthers)Tom Benson (New Orleans Saints)Malcolm Glazer (Tampa Bay Buccaneers), Bill Bidwill (Arizona Cardinals)Stan Kroenke (St. Louis Rams)DeBartoloYork Family (San Francisco 49ers)Paul Allen (Seattle Seahawks). This article was co-authored by wikiHow Staff. The problem is that operating CIOs can be so heads down in the service of their employer, they may forget to look up and around and develop their network of relationships. CIOs intent on joining boards should find other leaders who are on boards to learn from, Wallace says. But with the momentum and locker room chemistry that was built during the 2000 season, Harlan was reluctant to bring in a new individual with a potentially different philosophy. I care about the mission of the organization, and think that my skills and experience will make me valuable.. Clearly, its much harder to land a for-profit board seat than a nonprofit one. Your email address will not be published. Additional stations include the Quad Cities region of Iowa/Illinois where game coverage is carried by KLJB (Channel 18) in Davenport, Iowa, and KGCW (Channel 26) in Burlington, Iowa, both owned by Grant Broadcasting System II, KCWI-TV (Channel 23) in Des Moines, KWWL (Channel 7) in Waterloo, Iowa, and in Omaha, Nebraska, KMTV-TV (Channel 3), a sister Scripps station to WTMJ and WGBA. [145] It was renamed Lambeau Field in 1965 to honor Curly Lambeau, who had died earlier in the year. They then played the Chicago Bears at Soldier Field in the NFC Championship Gameonly the second playoff meeting between the two storied rivals (the other a 3314 Chicago victory which sent them to the 1941 NFL Championship Game). Ill share some tips for finding board positions in just a moment. How do I speak to UPS Customer Service UK? Who is the largest shareholder of the Packers? The network also added its first affiliate with Spanish language play-by-play, Milwaukee's WYTU-LD (Channel 63/49.4), a Telemundo affiliate, which is additionally carried as an intrastate superstation by Spectrum. This week, the team announced they will present George Koonce and Eric Torkelson to the board of. Financial Updates (Neil) $6.4k Net general decrease. His total record with the Packers was 135852. Many CIOs may be surprised at the slow pace of board decision-making but those who want to keep their seats will need to adapt to their new role. The Corporation is governed by a seven-member Executive Committee, elected from a Board. He works with boards of directors, regulators, investors, private equity firms, acquirers, venture capitalists, private companies, start-ups, and nonprofits to benchmark performance, select and maximize talent, improve results and facilitate transactions. A boards seat for the sake of a board seat will end up being a lose-lose proposition for board member and organization. The committee directs corporate management, approves major capital expenditures, establishes. As of 2019, the Packers Hall of Fame has inducted 162 people, 24 of whom have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Your email address will not be published. Regardless of team performance, every game played in Green Baypreseason, regular season, and playoffshas been sold out since 1960. Executive committee appointments are approved by all the directors. Douglas Weih was elected to the board at its January meeting. Serving in a board advisory role is an increasingly important experience along the career trajectory of the modern CIO. [129] The Packers' Assistant Director of PR and Corporate Communications had the following to say: "There's nothing in our history that suggests there's any truth to this. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data. For-Profit Boards Companies are highly selective in choosing board members and competition for those spots is fierce. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Use your CV to present your strengths and qualifications in areas where other directors may be less qualified. From 2001 to 2004, Sherman coached the Packers to respectable regular-season success, led by the spectacular play of Brett Favre, Ahman Green, and a formidable offensive line. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Nonprofit Boards Landing a nonprofit board position is far less competitive, except at large, high-profile organizations like Save the Children or the American Red Cross. 7. [76] It was the longest Hail Mary touchdown pass thrown in NFL history.[77]. Contact rryman@greenbaypressgazette.com and follow him on Twitter@RichRymanPG, onInstagram at rrymanpgor on Facebook at Richard Ryman-Press-Gazette. It was a time of crisis when George Torres took over leadership of one Milwaukee's largest nonprofit and social service agencies. [110], Even though it is referred to as "common stock" in corporate offering documents, a share of Packers stock does not share the same rights traditionally associated with common or preferred stock. Under McCarthy, Rodgers passed for 4,295 yards. The city of Green Bay renamed Highland Avenue in his honor in 1968, placing Lambeau Field at 1265 Lombardi Avenue ever since. % of people told us that this article helped them. 5. A seven-member executive committee elected from a board of directors governs the corporation. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/57\/Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-2-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-2-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/5\/57\/Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-2-Version-4.jpg\/aid63343-v4-728px-Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-2-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. While attempting a "lateral" play, Rodgers was sacked with no time remaining but then a flag was thrown for a facemask penalty on Detroit. Here are seven tips from Cabaldon on how to get on a board: 1. He had only coached in professional football for three years starting as the Packers' tight ends coach in 1997 and 1998. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Pronunciation of Green Bay Packers Board of Directors with 1 audio pronunciation and more for Green Bay Packers Board of Directors. That game would be remembered for Don Chandler's controversial tying field goal in which the ball allegedly went wide right, but the officials signaled "good". This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e3\/Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-10-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-10-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/e\/e3\/Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-10-Version-2.jpg\/aid63343-v4-728px-Be-Appointed-to-a-Board-of-Directors-Step-10-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved.