No doubt he had many close calls, but one night in Kentuckywas one of the closest calls of his life. Two members voted against the measure. Cassius Clay was an early Southern planter who became a prominent anti-slavery crusader. [21] Such an age qualification issue has occurred with only two other U.S. Although Browns actions didnt bring an end to slavery, they did spur those opposed to it to more aggressive action, perhaps fueling the bloody conflict that finally ended slavery in America. Taft. [19] On December 29, 1806, Clay was sworn in as senator, serving for slightly more than two months that first time. To top off his savage rejoinder, he picked Brown up (Clay still had a bullet in his chest at this point) and tossed him over a wall and down an embankment. Major-General Cassius Marcellus Clay (October 19, 1810 July 22, 1903) was an American planter, politician, military officer and abolitionist who served as the United States ambassador to Russia from 1863 to 1869. Clay declared he would only accept if Lincoln would emancipate slaves under Confederate control. [2], The "Parker Pulverizer" was a reference to "a 'clod-smashing machine' which Parker first invented while yet in Mobile.". He defended the Kentucky Insurance Company, which he saved from an attempt in 1804 by Felix Grundy to repeal its monopolistic charter. Later, as one of the peace commissioners, Clay helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent and signed it on December 24, 1814. Browns first militant actions as part of the abolitionist movement didnt occur until 1855. WebAbolitionists, 1780-1865 Lauren Anderson, Harvard College Class of 2021, Social Studies On March 16, 1827, the Black abolitionists Reverend Samuel E. Cornish and John Brown Russwurm set out on a task: to plead our own cause. This phrase became the opening statement of Freedoms Journal, an abolitionist newspaper owned by the two publishers. He lost Republican Vice Presidential nomination to Hannibal Hamlin in 1860 because as a former Half brother of Edwin M. Clay; Jeremiah Clay and Frances Wooldridge, Rev John Clay BIRTH 1741 Henrico County, Virginia, USA DEATH 31 May 1781 Hanover County, Virginia, USA BURIAL Non-Cemetery Burial, Specifically: Rev. Not only that, he was an open and vocal advocate for the abolition of slavery in the 1840s, in Kentucky of all places. Jonas Clay (c1617-c1663) 1st New England Clay, He Helped Capture Geronimo by Ned Boyajian, Voices from the Century Before: The Odyssey of a 19th Century Kentucky Family, Clay, Bruce, and Kavanaugh Families Lineage Memorial Revisited, Our Mothers Dresses & Silver Children-The African American Family of Henry Clay, Calling of Ancestors: Finding Forgotten Secrets in My DNA. They took his Bowie knife and stabbed him with it several times, no doubt thinking that was enough to do the job. Clay supported the Greek independence revolutionaries in 1824 who wished to separate from the Ottoman Empire, an early move into European affairs. Booth, a native of Maryland, was a fierce Confederate sympathizer during the Civil War. He guided hundreds of slaves along their way, continuing despite a $1,000 bounty placed on his head by slaveholders. Late in the afternoon of October 17, 1859, President James Buchanan ordered a company of Marines under the command of Brevet Colonel (and future Confederate General) Robert E. Lee to march into Harpers Ferry. Clay worked toward emancipation, both as a Kentucky state representative and as an early member of the Republican Party. [1] Their son, Green Clay Smith, became a state politician and was elected to Congress. Clay originally intended the resolutions to be voted on separately, but at the urging of southerners he agreed to the creation of a Committee of Thirteen to consider the measures. [2], The historian Stuart Seely Sprague has researched much information about Parker and his life. [10] After Clay was employed as Wythe's amanuensis for four years, the chancellor took an active interest in Clay's future; he arranged a position for him with the Virginia attorney general, Robert Brooke. Clay left the Senate to recuperate in Newport, Rhode Island. Clay lost by a wide margin to the highly popular Jackson (55% to 37%). [17] As a legislator, Clay advocated a liberal interpretation of the state's constitution and initially the gradual emancipation of slavery in Kentucky, although the political realities of the time forced him to abandon that position. Henry and Lucretia Clay were great-grandparents of the suffragette Madeline McDowell Breckinridge. Shortly afterward, a mob of about 60 men broke into his office and seized his printing equipment. [32] As the Congressional leader of the Democratic-Republican Party, Clay took charge of the agenda, especially as a "War Hawk" supporting the War of 1812 against the British Empire. In 1833, Clay married Mary Jane Warfield, daughter of Mary Barr and Dr. Elisha Warfield of Lexington, Kentucky. All Rights Reserved. Owen, John Brown's father, moved the family to Ohio and helped shelter escaped enslaved people in the Underground Railroad. A founding member of the Republican Party in Kentucky, he was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln as the U.S. minister to Russia, where Clay is credited with influencing Russian support for the Union during the American Civil War. The abolitionist was undaunted, however, and Brown still advocated for the movement, traveling all over the country to raise money and obtain weapons for the cause. [1] In 1824 he ran for president and lost, but maneuvered House voting in favor of John Quincy Adams, who made him secretary of state as the Jacksonians denounced what they considered a "corrupt bargain." (Booth would later assassinate President Abraham Lincoln over the latters decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.). [37] A declaration by Congress that it did not have the authority to interfere with the interstate slave trade. The committee was formed on April 17. They targeted a group of pro-slavery settlers called the Pottawatomie Rifles. Garrison's arguments were to him "as water is to a thirsty wayfarer. "Clay, Cassius Marcellus". The ringleader was named Cyrus Turner. Horatio W. Parker, b. The John P. Parker Historical Society was formed in 1996 to preserve and interpret knowledge of John Parker and his family; it has worked to restore the house and operate it as a museum with exhibits and educational programs. To that end, John Browns men stopped a Baltimore & Ohio Railroad train headed for the nations capital. He also became more familiar with the so-called mercantile class of wealthy entrepreneurs and their often ruthless business practices. [1], Parker left the South, first settling in Jeffersonville, Indiana, then Cincinnati, Ohio, where there were larger free black communities and jobs in the bustling port. However, the younger Brown was shot by the militia and mortally wounded. In 1878 he divorced his wife of 45 years, claiming abandonment, this was after she would no longer tolerate his infidelities. It was the bloodiest conflict in U.S. history. During a political debate in 1843, he survived an assassination attempt by Sam Brown, a hired gun. Parker, who was African American, helped hundreds of slaves All information on the children comes from Stuart Seely Sprague, Preface to John P. Parker, John Parker Museum & Historical Society Website, "John P. Parker Museum and Historical Society", The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States, Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo", List of last surviving American enslaved people, Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book, Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Parker_(abolitionist)&oldid=1133546027, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Clay left the Republican Party in 1869. ACTIVITIES After the war he continued working on the abolitionist cause by opposing the annexation of Texas and opposing the spread of slavery to the Southwest. According to newspaper reports at the time, Dora was 15 to 16 years old. Brother of Edward C. Clay Instead, Clay cut off Brown's nose. This seemingly kicked off Clay's passionate anti-slavery stance. Clay was born on October 19th, 1810 in Madison County, Kentucky. On January 29, 1850, Clay proposed a series of resolutions, which he considered to reconcile Northern and Southern interests, what would widely be called the Compromise of 1850. When he founded it, Clay reportedly said he was the first to "beard the monster in his den.". Within a month he was receiving death threats and had turned the papers offices into a fortress, including two four-pounder cannons. In the end, John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry ended in failure. Henry Watkins, who was an affectionate stepfather. Clay fought off all six, killing one of the brothers. Parker, who was African American, helped hundreds of slaves to freedom in the Underground Railroad resistance movement based in Ripley, Ohio. [30] Like other Southern Congressmen, Clay took slaves to Washington, DC to work in his household. He served three different terms as Speaker of the House of Representatives and was also Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829. Mary Ann Dupuy was sent to join her mother, and they worked as domestic slaves for the Duraldes for another decade. While many of these challenges were likely simple bravadoanddismissed as such, more than a few were answered, and more than a few were fought. But that's not the whole story. Web(born: Sept. 9, 1816 - died: Jan. 11, 1901 (see findagrave.com )) John Gregg Fee was the leading abolitionist in Kentucky and the southern part of the country. John P. Parker, Jr., b.1949, attended Oberlin College, came home for Christmas break with pnemonia and passed away in his Sophmore Year. He was buried in Lexington Cemetery, and Theodore Frelinghuysen, Clay's vice-presidential candidate in the election of 1844, gave the eulogy. Described later by Friedrich List, it was designed to allow the fledgling American manufacturing sector, largely centered on the eastern seaboard, to compete with British manufacturing through the creation of tariffs. The blow never fell, however, as the guards were so impressed by his courage that they spared the entire company. Portrait of Henry Clay By 1824, the unparalleled success of the Democratic-Republican Party had driven all other parties from the field. WebHistorical Marker #2076 in Bracken County commemorates abolitionist John Gregg Fee. In 1845, Clay opened an anti-slavery news paper called theTrue American. His anti-slavery activism earned him violent enemies. Having finished fourth, Clay was eliminated from contention; the top three were Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams and William H. Crawford. His age did not appear to have been noticed by any other Senator, and perhaps not by Clay. He claims to have had his life saved by Pocahontas, a Native read more, Despite his success as an actor on the national stage, John Wilkes Booth will forever be known as the man who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln. He would remarry at the age of 84, the 15 year old orphaned sister of one of his sharecropping tenants. In November 1972, Joe Biden was elected to the Senate at the age of 29, but he reached his 30th birthday before the swearing-in ceremony for incoming senators in January 1973. Such an occurrence, however, has not been repeated since. [11], Henry Clay and his wife, Lucretia (ne Hart) After beginning his law career, on April 11, 1799, Clay married Lucretia Hart at the Hart home in Lexington, Kentucky. Two generations from slavery, all six went to college and entered the middle class. At this time, he also met Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass, activists and abolitionists both, and they became important people in Browns life, reinforcing much of his ideology. One of the most important points of contention between the two men was over the Maysville Road. It didnt help that he lost his wife and two of his children to illness at the time. Brown was forced to move his remaining men and their captives to the armorys engine house, a smaller building that later became known as John Browns Fort. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. [2][3] Parker was one of the few blacks to patent an invention before 1900. He sought to maneuver the Republican presidential nomination for himself in 1860 and later a Cabinet post for himself in 1861. [3] In 1815, while still in Europe, he helped negotiate a commerce treaty with Great Britain.