The crew reported they had observed additional paint peeling from a portion of the LM's outer aluminum skin. On completing activities St. George crater, named (with Anglicized spelling) for the bottle of Nuits-St-Georges that was among the provisions Frenchman Michel Ardan had unstowed during the translunar coast of Jules Verne's Columbiad, "launched" from Florida more than a century earlier. midcourse corrections, a 22.6-second 3.4-ft/sec maneuver, was made at [112], Flight day seven was their third and final day on the lunar surface, returning to orbit to rejoin Mattingly in the CSM following the day's moonwalk. Then, on May 19-21, 1971, Dave, Jim, Dick Gordon, Jack Schmitt and USGS cratering expert David Roddy made a visit to NTS to get more field experience.] measures were taken and equipment changes and additions were made to control inspection revealed that the cable separated at the connector. used to validate findings from the Apollo 15 mission. ", "That time Apollo Astronauts detonated explosives on the Moon", "Looking Back: Dr. George Carruthers and Apollo 16 Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph", "Countdown Begins For Apollo 16 Moon Expedition", "Apollo 16: Day One Part Three: Second Earth Orbit and Translunar Injection", "Apollo 16: Day One Part Four: Transposition, Docking and Ejection", "Apollo 16: Day 1 Part 5: Settling into Translunar Coast", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part One Arrival at the Moon", "Apollo 16: Day Two Part Two: LM Entry and Checks", "Electrophoresis Demonstration on Apollo 16", "Apollo 16: Day Three Part One: ALFMED Experiment", "Apollo Light Flash Investigations (AP009)", "Apollo 16: Day Three Part Two: Lunar Module Activation and Checkout", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part Two; Lunar Orbit Insertion, Rev One and Rev Two", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part Three: Descent Orbit Insertion, Revs Three to Nine", "Apollo 16: Day Five Part Two: Lunar Module Undocking and Descent Preparation; Revs 11 and 12", "Experiment Operations During Apollo EVAs", Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, "Apollo 15 Mission Summary: Mountains of the Moon", "Geology Station 4 at the Stone Mountain Cincos", "Day Five Part Five Clearance for PDI Again and Landing, Revs 15 and 16", "Apollo 16: Day 9 Part 2 LM Jettison and Trans Earth Injection", "Apollo 16, Day 10 Part 2 EVA and Housekeeping", "Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device (MEED)", "Apollo 16: Day 11 Part One: Geology, Experiments and Guidance Fault Investigation", "Apollo 16: Day 11 Part Two: Press Conference, Experiments and House-Keeping", "Apollo 16: Day 12 Entry and Splashdown", "Biographical Data: Thomas K. Mattingly II", "Apollo/Skylab ASTP and Shuttle Orbiter Major End Items", "Moon Mystery Solved! Look for the largest nearby crater, Theophilus. The boom that extended the mass spectrometer in the SIM bay was stuck, semi-deployed. anomalies could be determined. traverse route was just slightly south of the outbound route, and the next stop The changes to the flight plan meant that some areas of the lunar surface that were supposed to be photographed could not be; also, a number of images were overexposed. When asked to summarize the results for a general audience, Dr. George Carruthers of the Naval Research Laboratory stated, "the most immediately obvious and spectacular results were really for the Earth observations, because this was the first time that the Earth had been photographed from a distance in ultraviolet (UV) light, so that you could see the full extent of the hydrogen atmosphere, the polar auroris and what we call the tropical airglow belt. 02/12/2020 1 views. [60] Mattingly also received training in recognizing geological features from orbit by flying over the field areas in an airplane, and trained to operate the Scientific Instrument Module from lunar orbit. Crater is at the top. Apollo 16 would spend one less day in lunar orbit after surface exploration had been completed to afford the crew ample margins in the event of further problems. The only They reentered the LM 7hours, 6minutes, and 56 seconds after the start of the EVA. Commander Thomas Kenneth Because the LM made in ground support equipment and detanking procedures to prevent future Colonel Charles Moss The film was returned to Earth. extravehicular activities for 10 hours 1 minute, and the collected samples 9.9 knots at 256 from true north. lunar orbit circularization maneuver. The planned launch [44], After landing, Young and Duke began powering down some of the LM's systems to conserve battery power. applied. It was suspected that the gimbal lock indication was an Forty-six people were sent to the hospital for 24 to 48 hours' observation, most suffering from inhalation of toxic fumes. The burn to alter the CSM's orbit to that desired for the subsatellite had been cancelled; as a result, the subsatellite lasted just over a month in orbit, far less than its anticipated one year. The at 269 from true north. [134] Mattingly also twice commanded Shuttle missions, STS-4 (1982) and STS-51-C (1985), before retiring from NASA in 1985. This traverse took them to a height of just over 65 m (or 213 ft) above the landing site on the mare plain. traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 6.1 n mi (11.3 km), vehicle drive time [28], Apollo 16's backup crew consisted of Fred W. Haise Jr. (commander, who had flown on Apollo 13), Stuart A. Roosa (CMP, who had flown on Apollo 14) and Edgar D. Mitchell (LMP, also Apollo 14). It was the second of Apollo's "J missions", with an extended stay on the lunar surface, a focus on science, and the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). splashdown. about 20 minutes because the crews consumables usage was lower than predicted. 175 were collected at three sampling sites, St. George Crater, Spur Crater, and the rille edge. On May 7, while At this point the SaturnV rocket's three stages were powered up, and drinking water was pumped into the spacecraft. in the CM tanks as a result of the Apollo 15 parachute anomaly. The third On the surface, Young and Duke collected 95.8 kilograms (211lb) of lunar samples for return to Earth, including Big Muley, the largest Moon rock collected during the Apollo missions. 009:06. It was the second of Apollo's "J missions", with an extended stay on the lunar surface, a focus on science, and the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). In addition to numerous housekeeping tasks, the astronauts prepared the spacecraft for its atmospheric reentry the next day. The docked spacecraft were ejected from the S-IVB at 003:59:15.1, approximately one year. descent orbit of 58.5 by 10.9 n mi for undocking of the LM. These . did apollo 16 visit st george crater. Just under five hours after the subsatellite release, on the CSM's 65th orbit around the Moon, its service propulsion system main engine was reignited to propel the craft on a trajectory that would return it to Earth. The GMT on 6 May. Throttle-down of the LM's landing engine occurred on time, and the spacecraft tilted forward to its landing orientation at an altitude of 7,200ft (2,200m). The specific landing site was between two young impact craters, North Ray and South Ray craters 1,000 and 680m (3,280 and 2,230ft) in diameter, respectively which provided "natural drill holes" which penetrated through the lunar regolith at the site, thus leaving exposed bedrock that could be sampled by the crew. [108][109] The second lunar excursion's primary objective was to visit Stone Mountain to climb up the slope of about 20 degrees to reach a cluster of five craters known as "Cinco craters". Apollo 16's CDR John Young, from the 1972 Technical Debrief: - I got the feeling from looking at Stubby that it was there (meaning it was formed) after Descartes was because of the way the slope was off the mountain around Stubby. particles emitting from the LM in the vicinity of aluminum close-out panel 51, Although they permitted the lunar landing, NASA had the astronauts return from the mission one day earlier than planned. These conclusions were informed by observations from Mattingly, the first CMP to use binoculars in his observations, who had seen that from the perspective of lunar orbit, there was nothing distinctive about the Descartes Formationit fit right in with the Mare Imbrium structure. [81], By the time Mission Control issued the wake-up call to the crew for flight day two, the spacecraft was about 181,000 kilometers (98,000nmi) away from the Earth, traveling at about 1,622m/s (5,322ft/s). terrain of a lunar highlands region without having high resolution photography down to conserve electrical power and the first extravehicular activity was Other results gained from Apollo 16 included the discovery of two new auroral belts around Earth. the CSM was separated from the S-IVB stage, transposed, and docked at [90], The crew continued preparing for lunar module activation and undocking shortly after waking up to begin flight day five. NASA Astromaterials Curation, an integral part of any sample return mission, comprises preparation and allocation of samples for research and education, initial characterization of new samples, and secure storage for the benefit of future generations. Apollo 11 - Landed 20 July 1969. The overall Colonel Stuart Allen the LRV, the crew headed south-southeast to a mare sampling area near the Cinco central Florida. demonstrated. [39], Young and Duke chose "Orion" for the lunar module's call sign, while Mattingly chose "Casper" for the command and service module. [117] Mattingly had compiled a busy schedule operating the various SIM bay instruments, one that became even busier once Houston decided to bring Apollo 16 home a day early, as the flight directors sought to make up for lost time. [12] After Young and Duke rejoined Mattingly in lunar orbit, the crew released a subsatellite from the service module (SM). [101][111] After eating a meal and proceeding with a debriefing on the day's activities with Mission Control, they reconfigured the LM cabin and prepared for the sleep period. constraints while wearing the pressurized suits. While ascending ridges and traversing very rocky Major Charles Gordon Fullerton (USAF), Colonel James Benson Irwin (USAF), Haise, the LM and the cabin was repressurized at 126:04:40. down at 000:09:19.54 followed by separation from the S-IVB, which ignited at Although conditions encountered during ascent were 50.7 knots at 257 from true north at This panel Crewed missions are in, This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 03:00. The primary objectives were: to perform selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials and surface international designation for the CSM upon achieving orbit was 1972-031A and the seen against the Sea of Fertility, approaches the CSM following a successful flash phenomena experiment started at 049:10. Visual This was the eleventh Saturn V to be flown and the ninth used on crewed missions. and 203:12, good quality television pictures were transmitted from inside the On day two, the crew performed an electrophoresis experiment, also performed on Apollo 14,[83] in which they attempted to demonstrate that electrophoretic separation in their near-weightless environment could be used to produce substances of greater purity than would be possible on Earth. The terminal With Apollo 16, he became the second American, after Jim Lovell, to fly in space four times. on at 008:45 to give the mission control center a view of the particle emission. [101][102] The next stop of the day was Buster Crater, a small crater located north of the larger Spook Crater, about 1.6km (0.99mi) from the LM. systems status, the crew entered the LM at 008:17 and powered up. "[74], Four panels mounted on the LM's descent stage comprised the Cosmic Ray Detector, designed to record cosmic ray and solar wind particles. While the crew The apogee and perigee were based upon a spherical The CM arrived [54] In July 1971, they visited Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, for geology training exercises, the first time U.S. astronauts trained in Canada. On the Apollo 16 changed the way scientists think of the Moon. The visual light prior to the mission was demonstrated. was accomplished as planned. Apollo 16 returned safely to Earth on April 27, 1972. After eating, they configured the cabin for sleep. The retrorockets were used to minimize the risk of collision between the jettisoned first stage and the Saturn V. These four retrorockets had been omitted from Apollo 15's Saturn V to save weight, but analysis of Apollo 15's flight showed that the S-IC came closer than expected after jettison, and it was feared that if there were only four rockets and one failed, there might be a collision. vehicle (LRV-2) west to Flag Crater where they made visual observations, As a result, many theories concerning lunar geologic structure and processes were improved greatly. He was a member of the support crew for Apollo 8 and Apollo 9. experienced with the S-band steerable antenna. the command module computer received an indication that an inertial measurement 162.29-second maneuver at 200:21:33.07 at an altitude of 52.2 n mi, transearth lunar surface during the 425th revolution at longitude 110 east. "[40], Apollo 16 was the second of Apollo's J missions, featuring the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle, increased scientific capability, and three-day lunar surface stays. was exactly as planned. pack at the left (NASA AS16-113-18359). At 152m (499ft) above the valley floor, the pair were at the highest elevation above the LM of any Apollo mission. The winds, as measured by the anemometer effectively improved the crews sleep. jettisoned at 195:00:12 at an altitude of 59.2 n mi. ship U.S.S. however, briefly visit Dune on the return trip to the LM. maneuver was possible, and the ascent stage remained in lunar orbit for Apollo 15 Exploration. Scientists sought information on the Moon's early history, which might be obtained from its ancient surface features, the lunar highlands. could affect the third EVA. The EVA lasted approximately 6 hours, 33 minutes, ending at 3:46 p.m. launch. After reaching orbit, the crew spent time adapting to the zero-gravity environment and preparing the spacecraft for trans-lunar injection (TLI), the burn of the third-stage rocket that would propel them to the Moon. conditions encountered during ascent were 50.7 knots at 257 from true north at 08:25:47 p.m. EST on 23 April) at 175:31:47.9 and was televised. Palmetto At launch time, [132], After the mission, Young and Duke served as backups for Apollo 17,[133] and Duke retired from NASA in December 1975. [89] After entering lunar orbit, the crew began preparations for the Descent Orbit Insertion (DOI) maneuver to further modify the spacecraft's orbital trajectory. [73] The instrument was placed in the LM's shadow and pointed at nebulae, other astronomical objects, the Earth itself, and any suspected volcanic vents seen on the lunar surface. [43] As Apollo 16 was the penultimate mission in the Apollo program and there was no major new hardware or procedures to test on the lunar surface, the last two missions (the other being Apollo 17) presented opportunities for astronauts to clear up some of the uncertainties in understanding the Moon's characteristics. Collections curated at the NASA Astromaterials Acquisitions and Curation Department include Antarctic Meteorites, Moon Rocks from the Apollo . kg) of samples were collected. housekeeping commenced about 053:30 and was completed at 055:11. S-IVB was designated 1972-031B. In Earth orbit, the crew faced minor technical issues, including a potential problem with the environmental control system and the S-IVB third stage's attitude control system, but eventually resolved or compensated for them as they prepared to depart towards the Moon. After transfers were completed, the crew would sleep before jettisoning the empty lunar module ascent stage the next day, when it was to be crashed intentionally into the lunar surface in order to calibrate the seismometer Young and Duke had left on the surface. Colonel Robert Franklyn Overmyer (USMC). Mattingly had been selected in NASA's fifth group of astronauts in 1966. A short distance from the LM, Duke placed a photograph of his family and an Air Force commemorative medallion on the surface. similar to those of Apollo 15. An hour and a half later, at stations 9 and 10, the LRV range, bearing, and [91][92], For the rest of the two crafts' passes over the near side of the Moon, Mattingly prepared to shift Casper to a higher, near-circular orbit, while Young and Duke prepared Orion for the descent to the lunar surface. An investigation board reported that the ratio of neutralizer to On August 22, 1969, less than six weeks after the first lunar landing, NASA astronauts Gene Cernan, Alan Shepard, Joe Engle, and Ed Mitchell visited Craters of the Moon National Monument in southern Idaho. There, they collected black and white breccias and smaller, crystalline rocks rich in plagioclase. physiological balance of electrolytes and body fluids resulting from an The CSM was designated CSM-113, and had The Apollo 11 landing site. After ALSEP deployment, they collected samples in the vicinity. [37] The insignia was designed from ideas originally submitted by the crew of the mission,[38] by Barbara Matelski of the graphics shop at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston. lunar orbits lasting 125 hours 49 minutes 32.59 seconds. Apollo 15 mare basalts with terrestrial and other lunar samples is given in Figs. This may have Later in the day, the astronauts entered the lunar module for the second time to further inspect the landing craft's systems. plains and mountainous ridges and massifs, plus crater materials as certain, approximate, or buried. LM in the center in the distance. They then reentered the LM after a 5-hour and 40-minute final excursion. All LM system Astronaut-named feature, Apollo 15 site. Command Module Pilot Mattingly reported "gimbal lock", meaning that the system to keep track of the craft's attitude was no longer accurate. Approximately ten minutes before reentry into Earth's atmosphere, the cone-shaped command module containing the three crewmembers separated from the service module, which would burn up during reentry. [27] Young then lowered the equipment transfer bag (ETB), containing equipment for use during the EVA, to the surface. time, making interpretation of seismic data uncertain. 003:21:53.4. transferred the samples, film, and equipment to the CSM, the ascent stage was Upon arriving at the rim of North Ray crater, they were 4.4km (2.7mi) away from the LM. [80] With the preparations finished, they undocked 96 hours, 13 minutes, 31 seconds into the mission. 30 minutes in the LM, the crew depressurized the cabin at 142:39:35 to begin the [125] Likely because of a failure by the crew to activate a certain switch in the LM before sealing it off, it tumbled after separation. The Apollo 15 Lunar Module . No deorbit burn southeast to the second sampling area, Shadow Rock. November 27, 2020. The splashdown site was estimated to be latitude 0.70 Parking orbit The pair drove the lunar rover, the second used on the Moon, for 26.7 kilometers (16.6mi). been due to a guidance circuit breaker inadvertently being left open. Television coverage of surface activity was delayed until the LRV systems were During ingress, thermal paint, and that the degraded thermal protection due to the paint roving vehicle to operate under these conditions and on slopes up to 20 was During the The particles were unexplained. Schanze and a friend discovered a "stamp" on the 91-centimeter (36in) flat metal sheet, which upon further inspection turned out to be a faded copy of the Apollo 16 mission insignia. firing) was performed at 002:33:36.50. stability and began tumbling at a rate of about 3 per second. I'm sure glad they got ol' Brer Rabbit, here, back in the briar patch where he belongs. window extended to 21:43:00 GMT to take advantage of a sun elevation angle on photographed items of interest, and collected lunar samples. Slayton created the support crews early in the Apollo Program on the advice of Apollo crew commander James McDivitt, who would lead Apollo 9. [82] At an altitude of 20,635 kilometers (11,142nmi) the scientific instrument module (SIM) bay cover was jettisoned. heat flow experiment inoperative. YankeeClipper Member . Peterson. sciences from the U.S. lunar surface. and was required to ensure proper lunar orbit insertion.
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