The median share of children with foundational reading and numeracy skills is 41 per cent and 25 per cent, respectively. Although members of these discriminated communities are physically indistinguishable from other Japanese, they often live in urban ghettoes or in the traditional special hamlets in rural areas, and membership can be surmised from the location of the family home, occupation, dialect, or mannerisms. Vietnamese makes the largest increase, however Burmese, Cambodians, Filipinos and Chinese are also increasing. Domains by Country / Domain Names by Country 2022, Google Pay Countries / List of Google Pay Countries 2022. )197.45% of GDP (2018 est. Across the 34 countries and territories with available data, the median share of young men with ICT skills is 20 per cent, whereas the median share of young women with ICT skills is only 12 per cent. )services: 68.7% (2017 est. Foundational readingskills are divided into three categories: 1) wordrecognition (correctly reading 90 per cent of words in astory), 2) literal questions (replying correctly to all threeliteral questions), and 3) inferential (replying correctly tobothof two inferential questions). ), $919.158 billion (2021 est.) The largest are the hisabetsu buraku or "discriminated communities", also known as the burakumin. (mythological date of the founding of the nation by Emperor JIMMU); 29 November 1890 (Meiji Constitution provides for constitutional monarchy), Birthday of Emperor NARUHITO, 23 February (1960); note - celebrates the birthday of the current emperor, history: previous 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947amendments: proposed by the Diet; passage requires approval by at least two-thirds majority of both houses of the Diet and approval by majority in a referendum; note - the constitution has not been amended since its enactment in 1947, civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Japandual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years, chief of state: Emperor NARUHITO (since 1 May 2019); note - succeeds his father who abdicated on 30 April 2019head of government: Prime Minister Fumio KISHIDA (since 4 October 2021 )cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime ministerelections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; the leader of the majority party or majority coalition in the House of Representatives usually becomes prime ministerelection results: Fumio KISHIDA relected prime minister on 10 November 2021 by the lower house with 297 votes against 108 for Yukio EDANO and in the upper houese 141 for KISHIDA and 60 for EDANO, description: bicameral Diet or Kokkai consists of:House of Councillors or Sangi-in (245 seats, currently 242; 146 members directly elected in multi-seat districts by simple majority vote and 96 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years); note - the number of seats increases to 248 at the July 2022 election for renewal of half the membership House of Representatives or Shugi-in (465 seats; 289 members directly elected in single-seat districts by simple majority vote and 176 directly elected in multi-seat districts by party-list proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms)elections: House of Councillors - last held on 21 July 2019 (next to be held in July 2022)House of Representatives - last held on 31 October 2021 (next to be held by October 2025)election results: House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 55, DP 32, Komeito 14, JCP 6, Osaka Ishin no Kai (Initiatives from Osaka) 7, PLPTYF 1, SDP 1, independent 5; composition - men 186, women 56, percent of women 21.3%House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LDP 261, CDP 96, Ishin 41, Komeito 32, DPFP 11, JCP 10, Reiwa 3, SDP 1, independent 10; composition - men 420, women 45, percent of women 9.7%; note - total Diet percent of women 14.7%note: the Diet in June 2017 redrew Japan's electoral district boundaries and reduced from 475 to 465 seats in the House of Representatives; the amended electoral law, which cuts 6 seats in single-seat districts and 4 in multi-seat districts, was reportedly intended to reduce voting disparities between densely and sparsely populated voting districts, highest court(s): Supreme Court or Saiko saibansho (consists of the chief justice and 14 associate justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in constitutional issuesjudge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice designated by the Cabinet and appointed by the monarch; associate justices appointed by the Cabinet and confirmed by the monarch; all justices are reviewed in a popular referendum at the first general election of the House of Representatives following each judge's appointment and every 10 years afterwardsubordinate courts: 8 High Courts (Koto-saiban-sho), each with a Family Court (Katei-saiban-sho); 50 District Courts (Chiho saibansho), with 203 additional branches; 438 Summary Courts (Kani saibansho), Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan or CDP [Kenta IZUMI]Democratic Party for the People Japan or DPFP [Yuichiro TAMAKI]Group of Reformists [Sakihito OZAWA]Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]Japan Innovation Party or Nippon Ishin no kai or Ishin [Ichiro MATSUI]Komeito [Natsuo YAMAGUCHI]Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Fumio KISHIDA]Liberal Party [Ichiro OZAWA] (formerly People's Life Party & Taro Yamamoto and Friends or PLPTYF)Party of Hope or Kibo no To [Nariaki NAKAYAMA]Reiwa Shinsengumi [Taro YAMAMOTO]Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA], ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, CPLP (associate), EAS, EBRD, EITI (implementing country), FAO, FATF, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, G-20, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), Quad, SAARC (observer), SELEC (observer), SICA (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC, chief of mission: Ambassador TOMITA Koji (since 17 February 2021)chancery: 2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 238-6700FAX: [1] (202) 328-2187email address and website: https://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/itprtop_en/index.htmlconsulate(s) general: Anchorage (AK), Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver (CO), Detroit (MI), Hagatna (Guam), Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Nashville (TN), New York, Portland (OR), San Francisco, Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands), Seattle (WA), chief of mission: Ambassador Rahm EMANUEL (since 25 March 2022)embassy: 1-10-5 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8420mailing address: 9800 Tokyo Place, Washington DC 20521-9800telephone: [81] (03) 3224-5000FAX: [81] (03) 3224-5856email address and website: TokyoACS@state.govhttps://jp.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Naha (Okinawa), Osaka-Kobe, Sapporoconsulate(s): Fukuoka, Nagoya, white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center, red sun disc, chrysanthemum; national colors: red, white, name: "Kimigayo" (The Emperor's Reign)lyrics/music: unknown/Hiromori HAYASHInote: adopted 1999; unofficial national anthem since 1883; oldest anthem lyrics in the world, dating to the 10th century or earlier; there is some opposition to the anthem because of its association with militarism and worship of the emperor, total World Heritage Sites: 25 (20 cultural, 5 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area (c); Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara (c); Himeji-jo (c); Shiretoko (n); Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group: Mounded Tombs of Ancient Japan (c); Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape (c); Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan (c); Yakushima (n); Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (c); Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) (c). ), general assessment: Japan has one of the best developed telecom markets globally, the fixed-line segment remains stagnant and the focus for growth is in the mobile sector; the MNOs have shifted their investment from LTE to 5G, and growth in 5G showed early promise although there have been recent setbacks; these have partly been attributed to the economic difficulties, the impact of restrictions imposed during the pandemic, and unfavourable investment climate (not helped by the delay of the Tokyo Olympics from 2020 to 2021), and to restrictions in the supply of 5G-enabled devices; the fixed broadband market is dominated by fiber, with a strong cable platform also evident; fiber will continue to increase its share of the fixed broadband market, largely at the expense of DSL; the mobile market is dominated by three MNOs, mobile broadband subscriber growth is expected to be relatively low over the next five years, partly due to the high existing subscriptions though growth has been stimulated by measures which have encouraged people to school and work from home; there has also been a boost in accessing entertainment via mobile devices since 2020; plans to provide 55% population coverage with 5G by March 2022 and nationwide 5G coverage by 2023 (2021)domestic: high level of modern technology and excellent service of every kind; 49 per 100 for fixed-line and 152 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)international: country code - 81; numerous submarine cables with landing points for HSCS, JIH, RJCN, APCN-2, JUS, EAC-C2C, PC-1, Tata TGN-Pacific, FLAG North Asia Loop/REACH North Asia Loop, APCN-2, FASTER, SJC, SJC2, Unity/EAC-Pacific, JGA-N, APG, ASE, AJC, JUPITER, MOC, Okinawa Cellular Cable, KJCN, GOKI, KJCN, and SeaMeWE-3, submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, Southeast Asia, Africaand US; satellite earth stations - 7 Intelsat (Pacific and Indian Oceans), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region), 2 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions), and 8 SkyPerfect JSAT (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, a mixture of public and commercial broadcast TV and radio stations; 6 national terrestrial TV networks including 1 public broadcaster; the large number of radio and TV stations available provide a wide range of choices; satellite and cable services provide access to international channels (2019), total: 113,252,419 (2020 est. On a year-on-year basis, the literacy rate increased by 0.13% in . To a large extent, a persons professional trajectory is predicated on their literacy level or their ability to read and write clearly and accurately. [citation needed], The third largest minority group among Japanese citizens is the Ainu, whose language is an isolate. ), 37.194 million TOKYO (capital), 19.013 million Osaka, 9.569 million Nagoya, 5.490 million Kitakyushu-Fukuoka, 2.937 million Shizuoka-Hamamatsu, 2.666 million Sapporo (2023), at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1.09 male(s)/female25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2022 est. [68] Southeast Asia too, also has significant populations of people with half-Japanese ancestry, particularly in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Japan has the lowest level of couples having sex at 45 times per year, well below the global average of 103 times. ), total: 20.1% (2020 est. Approximately 98.6% of the population are Japanese citizens, and 99% of the population speak Japanese as their first language. The current issue of the shrinking workforce in Japan alongside its aging population has resulted in a recent need to attract foreign labour to the country. Chinese made up the largest portion of them with 215,155, followed by Filipinos with 115,857, and Koreans with 65,711. Transliterations of non-Japanese names using katakana (e.g. 2022; Next . In the 1940s, biracial Japanese children (Ainoko), specifically Amerasian children, encountered social problems such as poverty, perception of impurity and discrimination due to negative treatment in Japan. ), -0.23% (2021 est. Japan has the highest proportion of adults of working age (16-65 years) who are proficient at the highest three levels of literacy as measured by the Survey of Adult Skills among participating countries. Findings in these countries show even greater differences in ICT skills across wealth quintiles. Asia & Oceania 17502000. Japan opened its ports after signing the Treaty of Kanagawa with the US in 1854 and began to intensively modernize and industrialize. To help raise government revenue, Japan adopted legislation in 2012 to gradually raise the consumption tax rate. What is Germany's literacy rate? .mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers2.sortable{counter-reset:rowNumber -1}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers2.sortable.static-row-header-two{counter-reset:rowNumber -2}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers tr::before{display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers tr::before{content:""}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers-skip{counter-increment:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers.sortable tbody tr:not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before,.mw-parser-output table.static-row-numbers:not(.sortable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before{counter-increment:rowNumber;content:counter(rowNumber);padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text thead tr::before{content:"No. Compared to the gender gap, differences in foundational numeracy skills by wealth are more evident. note: data are in current year dollars, United States 19%, China 18%, South Korea 6%, Taiwan 6% (2019), cars and vehicle parts, integrated circuits, personal appliances, ships (2019), $941.671 billion (2021 est.) agriculture: 1.1% (2017 est. Japanese Studies: Vol. [2], Data published by UNESCO using the following definitions:[3]. Japan's adult literacy rate is at around 99 percent. )wind: 1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula, total: 377,915 sq kmland: 364,485 sq kmwater: 13,430 sq kmnote: includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okino-tori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto), territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and the Korea and Tsushima Straitscontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm, varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north, highest point: Mount Fuji 3,776 mlowest point: Hachiro-gata -4 mmean elevation: 438 m, negligible mineral resources, fish; note - with virtually no natural energy resources, Japan is the world's largest importer of coal and liquefied natural gas, as well as the second largest importer of oil, agricultural land: 12.5% (2018 est. Young people continued to move to large cities, however, to attend universities and find work, but some returned to regional cities (a pattern known as U-turn) or to their prefecture of origin (referred to as "J-turn"), or even moved to a rural area for the first time ("I-turn"). In 2020, the number of foreigners in Japan was 2,887,116. About EF Education First. Foundationalnumeracy skills measure the minimum proficiency skills in numeracy expected in Grade 2/3. About 50% of these moves were within the same prefecture; the others were relocations from one prefecture to another. ), air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere; following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan originally planned to phase out nuclear power, but it has now implemented a new policy of seeking to restart nuclear power plants that meet strict new safety standards; waste management is an ongoing issue; Japanese municipal facilities used to burn high volumes of trash, but air pollution issues forced the government to adopt an aggressive recycling policy, party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 11.45 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. Most can click to the second page of search results from a library website to identify the author of a book called Ecomyth. In addition, languages such as Orok, Evenki and Nivkh spoken in formerly Japanese controlled southern Sakhalin are becoming more and more endangered. ), municipal: 15.41 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Spain [+] 2018: 97.97%: 98.93%: 98.44%: 99.72%: 0.09: Italy [+] 2018: 98.97%: 99.35% . 99.00% Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement about their everyday life. Literacy Rate in Japan The literacy rate in the world is average about 63%. )from petroleum and other liquids: 444.271 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )$147.948 billion (2020 est. Non-ethnic Japanese in the past, and to an extent in the present, also live in small numbers in the Japanese archipelago. At Level 4, that means they can read and write at a proficient level. [10] According to research in 2009, the population to land density ratio has gradually increased, now at 127 million per 337 km2. 86.3 percent of all 15-year-old boys and girls can read and write. The disparity is largest in, Findings in these countries show even greater differences in ICT skills across wealth quintiles. [64], One of the largest minority groups among Japanese citizens is the Ryukyuan people. [61] Despite this, Japan ranks as number two globally on the amount spent on pornography, after South Korea. )government consumption: 19.6% (2017 est. In March 2011, Japan's strongest-ever earthquake, and an accompanying tsunami, devastated the northeast part of Honshu island, killed thousands, and damaged several nuclear power plants. As more people get a better education, Nigeria's literacy rate has improved. Most of these departures 78,276 occurred before 1962. Japan faces the same problems that confront urban industrialized societies throughout the world: overcrowded cities and congested highways. The total number of permanent residents had declined over the previous five years due to high cost of living. [26] The demographic shift in Japan's age profile has triggered concerns about the nation's economic future and the viability of its welfare state. Visit the main UNESCO website. Please check your download folder. : Monitoring the situation of children and women, Compared to the gender gap, differences in foundational numeracy skills by wealth are more evident. In less-developed nations, women are generally expected to remain at home and care for the house and children. ), improved: urban: NArural: NAtotal: 99.9% of populationunimproved: urban: NArural: NAtotal: 0.1% of population (2020 est. ", "The "Karoshi" Phenomenon is Now a Worldwide Problem", "The Japanese Porn Industry: 5 Things We Learned at Japan Adult Expo", "Koreas per capita porn spending highest in world", "Being 'hafu' in Japan: Mixed-race people face ridicule, rejection", "Half, bi or double? The global literacy rate for all people aged 15 and above is 86.3%. (0.6%), Shiga )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 3,012,800 bbl/day (2018 est. The total population had declined by 0.8 percent from the time of the census five years previously, the first time it had declined since the 1945 census. About us. Reforms which took effect in 2015 relax visa requirements for "Highly Skilled Foreign Professionals" and create a new type of residence status with an unlimited period of stay. For a full picture of childrens school participation, UNICEF uses two sources of data: enrolment data, which are based on administrative records, and attendance data from household surveys. The latest population census reflects the situation as of 2020. Its success in literacy and education is supported by their value-of-education cultural background. [9], The population consisted of 47,062,743 households, with 78.7% in urban areas (July 2000). Literacy rates measure the basic literacy skills that primary education should equip the population with and can provide insights on the proportion of youth aged 15 to 24 with minimum proficiency in reading and writing (SDG4.6.2).