"[24] To the critics Flagler and Rockefeller replied, "In a business so large as ours some things are likely to be done which we cannot approve. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. Standiford, Les. Col Henry Ostrom & Elizabeth Flagler? It seemed a new leaf was turning for the little family of the Robber Baron. The railroads were fighting fiercely for traffic and, in an attempt to create a cartel to control freight rates, formed the South Improvement Company in collusion with Standard and other oil men outside the main oil centers. The Early Years of The Ponce de Leon: Clippings from an Old Scrap Book of those days. [26] Its share of world oil refining topped out above 90% but slowly dropped to about 80% for the rest of the century. [36] The court ruled that the trust originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies. Though a hard worker, Flagler was widely recognized as a ruthless businessman. [7] The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. Even more critical, the invention of the light bulb gradually began to erode the dominance of kerosene for illumination. The land owners were Julia Tuttle, whom he had met in Cleveland, Ohio, and William Brickell, who ran a trading post on the Miami River. Tarbell's father had been driven out of the oil business during the South Improvement Company affair. To further convince Flagler to continue the railroad to Miami, he was offered land in exchange for laying rail tracks from private landowners, the Florida East Coast Canal and Transportation Company, and the Boston and Florida Atlantic Coast Land Company. Though Henry Flagler didn't join in on the war, it certainly affected his career choices. A large portion of his estate was designated for a "niece" who was said actually to be a child born out of wedlock. Expert Help. Together, the boys worked in the Harkness store for several years, where Henry eventually became a part of their sales staff. He was 14 years old, and leaving the home of his parents in Hopewell, N.J., to . When the city was incorporated in 1896, its citizens wanted to honor the man responsible for its growth by naming it "Flagler". It was first established in Ohio. Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. He also built the Alcazar Hotel as an overflow hotel for the Ponce de Leon Hotel. Two years later, he expanded his Florida holdings. The Paris Rothschilds jumped into the fray providing financing. In the case of Henry Flagler's life, it seems his personal troubles compounded in the 1890s. She and her family were given expensive gifts by Henry Flagler in celebration. [citation needed], Flagler's third wife, Mary Lily Kenan Flagler Bingham was born in North Carolina. IT HAD BEGUN 26 YEARS EARLIER, IN 1891, when Henry Morrison Flagler, the uncrowned "king" of Florida, who had made a vast fortune as a founding partner of Standard Oil of Ohio, met Mary Lily Kenan . The rumor mill suspected that this change in priorities was due to Henry's association with one Ida Alice Shourds a red-haired, green-eyed actress who was rumored to have been Mary Harkness Flagler's nursemaid during her final years. "[35], Flagler and Rockefeller continued to consolidate their oil interests as best they could until New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. George Matthews, great-grandson of Henry Morrison Flagler, has served as the Flagler Museum's president for the past 42 years. Flagler gave them the honored center positions in the mausoleum. Graham, Thomas. NY By genealogy.com user October 24, 1999 at 04:39:45. He was twenty-three and she was twenty and they were married in her father's home. He was a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway.He is known as the father of Miami, Florida. At the time, Key West was Florida's most populous city, with a population of 20,000, and it was also the United States' deep water port closest to the canal that the U.S. government proposed to build in Panama. FLORIDA KEYS Henry Morrison Flagler never lived in the Florida Keys, but he left a more lasting and valuable mark on the island chain than many lifelong residents. Henry Flagler's first visit to Florida was in the winter of 1878-9. The swamplands south of Savannah were thought of as a dangerous land of rugged enchantment where alligators lurked in the shadows and strange miasme was thought to carry diseases like yellow fever through the damp air. Layton, 33001, United States of America - Excellent location - show map. Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. Rockefeller. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. The top-ranked Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is named for Flagler and his wife, who was an early benefactor of UNC along with her family and descendants. [citation needed], When looking back at Flagler's life, after Flagler's death, George W. Perkins, of J.P. Morgan & Co., reflected, "But that any man could have the genius to see of what this wilderness of waterless sand and underbrush was capable and then have the nerve to build a railroad here, is more marvelous than similar development anywhere else in the world. What happened to Henry Flagler's daughter? [31], Standard Oil moved its headquarters to New York City, at 26 Broadway, and Flagler and Rockefeller became central figures in the city's business community. Version accessed: St. Augustine, FL: Historic Print & Map Company, 2004. To learn more about the history of those buildings, visit the Alcazar Hotel Historical Place profile or the Casa Monica Hotel Historical Place profile on our website. That craze mounted when two months later, Flagler filed for divorce in Dade County and was granted such on August 13th, 1901. He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. In fact, the exterior bares a memorial script to his daughter who perished giving birth to his . She is next to her mother and Flagler's first wife, Marjorie Mary Harkness Flagler. When the Civil War broke out, Dan Harkness was among the first in Bellevue, Ohio to enlist in the Union efforts. [1], Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York. However, this kindly nickname does not do justice to the full story of Flagler, who was nearly fifty years old when he first set foot in Florida in 1878. Flagler suffered additional family tragedies when his oldest daughter died from complications of childbirth in 1899. Mrs. [citation needed], By the end of the American Civil War, Cleveland was one of the five main refining centers in the U.S. (besides Pittsburgh, New York City, Philadelphia, and the region in northwestern Pennsylvania where most of the oil originated). In 1853, young Henry followed suit when Lamon Harkness' middle daughter, Mary, became his first wife. In 1885, Standard Oil moved its corporate headquarters to New York City to the iconic 26 Broadway location. Henry Flagler: A Man of Big Dreams Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. It soon was doing one tenth of all the petroleum business in the United States. [46], Realizing the need for a sound transportation system to support his hotel ventures, Flagler purchased short line railroads in what would later become known as the Florida East Coast Railway. One of Flagler's other St. Augustine Hotels, the Casa Monica, was originally built by Franklin W. Smith, who built the Villa Zorayda. "[39] Not only did Flagler and Rockefeller's Standard Oil company become well known in Ohio, they expanded to other states, as well as gained additional capital in purchasing smaller oil refining companies across the nation. Stately and serious, genteel and generous some have even referred to him as "Uncle Henry.". Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. Mary Lily Kenan Flagler inherited the majority of Henry Flagler's fortune but was unlucky enough to die of an apparent heart attack, only five years after Flagler's death. Only his son Harry survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. "Especially since her father would have never stepped foot in the house. Henry Flagler: The Astonishing Life and Times of the Visionary Robber Baron Who Founded Florida. Smith would not sell, but he planted the seed of St. Augustine's and Florida's future in Flagler's mind. As Henry's businesses prospered, they moved to New York City. [54] Built in 1902 as a wedding present to Mary Lily, Whitehall (now the Flagler Museum) was a 60,000-square-foot (5,600m) winter retreat that established the Palm Beach "season" of about 812 weeks, for the wealthy of America's Gilded Age. [64], On February 24, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled in Key West near the spot where the Over-Sea Railroad once terminated. Now, imagine two hundred-plus years have passed. Ralph, Julian. At least, not yet. He was 83 years old. [33] Ohio was especially vigorous in applying its state anti-trust laws, and finally forced a separation of Standard Oil of Ohio from the rest of the company in 1892, the first step in the dissolution of the trust. Henry is also best known as, Entrepreneur best known as the founder of Standard Oil and for helping to develop what came to be known as the Florida East Coast Railway. There is also a monument to him on Flagler Monument Island in Biscayne Bay in Miami; Flagler College and Flagler Hospital are named after him in St. Augustine. Perhaps because of the economic success that Flagler's industries had delivered to the state or perhaps because of direct funding being delivered to individual senators, Flagler was able to convince the legislature to pass a little bill for him in April of 1901. Mendez, Jesus. 2. One of the grain brokers The church was dedicated in March 1890. Perhaps Henry Flagler already planned that he would need a physician to confirm his wife suffered from insanity. St. Augustine, Florida Within six years, Henry was earning enough money to purchase a showy Victorian house in Bellevue. By 1880, according to the New York World, Standard Oil was "the most cruel, impudent, pitiless, and grasping monopoly that ever fastened upon a country. I was willing that they should combine and grow as big and wealthy as they could, but only by legitimate means. 0:00. The voyage was harrowing and long northern tourists traveled by railroad, steamship, and mule-driven omnibus. The grand marble building was named by the final Mrs. Flagler herself: "Whitehall." Henry Flagler had realized his dream and slipped quietly from this world at his ocean cottage 'Nautalis' on May 20, 1913, in Palm Beach, Florida. . Several years later, in 1870, their only son, Henry Harkness Flagler, was born. University Press of Florida. Luckily, the couple found the city to be even more promising than before. Standard Oil also had the highest capitalization, totaling $26,000,000 (equivalent to $784million in 2021). However, many other officials were wary of Henry Flagler. Education Flagler and Rockefeller saw themselves as the industry's saviors, "an angel of mercy" absorbing the weak and making the industry as a whole stronger, more efficient, and more competitive. Harkness and Company, at a salary of $5 per month plus room and board. Mary's health was poor throughout her life, although she and Henry had three children: Jenny Louise, Carrie, and Harry Harkness. First, Dr. Anderson worked through the bureaucracy to get Flagler approval to fill in the marshland that was west of the original town plan. Control of the Flagler fortune largely passed into the hands of Mary Lily Kenan's family of sisters and brother, who survived into the 1960s. Barely any of Ida Alice's personal writings have survived, so there is a major piece of the puzzle missing. Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. Finally, Dan Harkness (7 perhaps Henry's favorite sibling), was Henry's mother's son from her first husband. [28], Even though 85% of world crude production was still coming from Pennsylvania wells in the 1880s, overseas drilling in Russia and Asia began to reach the world market. This was the beginning of the Standard Oil company, which would catapult both men into unimaginable levels of wealth. If you ask the same question in Florida, most people will have known someone who lives on Flagler Blvd., in Flagler County, or down the road from the Flagler Museum. Struck by the tragic loss of his eldest daughter and first granddaughter, Henry Flagler sought solace in his business projects and the council of friends like Dr. Andrew Anderson. Son of the late Henry M. Flagler, but never interested himself in his father's railroad and development projects in Florida, nor in the Standard Oil Co. through his mother, the former Mary Harkness. 0:58. His grandson Solomon changed the spelling of the surname to Flagler and passed it on to his 11 children. They had 3 children: Maud Aiken and 2 other children. Zacharra worked in England for several years before moving to Dutchess County, New York, in 1710. [9], By 1869, there was three times more kerosene refining capacity than needed to supply the market, and the capacity remained in excess for many years. Ida. [22] Despite improving the quality and availability of kerosene products while greatly reducing their cost to the public (the price of kerosene dropped by nearly 80% over the life of the company), Standard Oil's business practices created intense controversy. The Hotel Alcazar is now the location of St. Augustine City Hall and the Lightner Museum, and the Casa Monica Hotel is still in business to this day. Harry and Annie's daughter Jean Louise Flagler made Palm Beach a large part of her life. In 1877, Flagler and his family moved to New York City, which was becoming the center of commerce in the U.S.. Henry Flagler was seventy-one, whilst his beaming bride was thirty-four. [25] The "trust" was a corporation of corporations, and the entity's size and wealth drew much attention. The Flagler family, originally spelled Flegler, hailed from the southwestern corner of Germany known as the Palatinate region. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York. Perhaps fortunately for Smith, he couldn't come up with the funds,[45] so Flagler began construction of the 540-room Ponce de Leon Hotel by himself, but spent several times his original estimate. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that Crossed an Ocean (Paperback) by. Bostonian Franklin W. Smith had recently built his winter home, the Villa Zorayda, which caught Flagler's eye almost immediately. [4], After the failure of his salt business in Saginaw, Flagler returned to Bellevue in 1866 and reentered the grain business as a commission merchant with the Harkness Grain Company. Henry Flagler is a famous Entrepreneurwho has a net worth of $60 Million. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. As our little daughter is only 8 month old we wanted to provide her a sheltered place to sit in in the 25 degrees and we wanted to visit the house while we swap over looking after her as . In January of 1870 at the age of 40, Flagler officially co-founded Standard Oil alongside John D. Rockefeller. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. Pratt and Rogers became Flagler and Rockefeller's partners. Henry explained: "We worked night and day, making good oil as cheaply as possible and selling it for all we could get. It was during these early years of employment that young Henry Flagler cut his teeth in business one step closer to the shark he would become. (Context from a 21st-century author: This story takes place nearly two generations before women were granted the right to vote a time when we were generally valued for being subservient, delicate, and fertile. The Standard Guide to St. Augustine. [citation needed], Flagler and Rockefeller began a publicity campaign to put the company and themselves in a better light. In the early 1900s Flagler, affiliated with John D. Rockefeller in the Standard Oil Company, conceived and oversaw the construction of the Florida Keys Over-Sea Railroad, paving . Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. From various newspapers, 1887 - 1895. Anderson owned a large tract of orange groves west of the Governor's House along King Street the main thoroughfare of St. Augustine and wanted to sell it to Flagler. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Cleveland became very well known for oil refining, as, "More and more crude oil was shipped from the oil regions to Cleveland for the refining process because of transportation facilities and the aggressiveness of the refiners there. HENRY FLAGLER "Father of Florida" American Industrialist Early Days was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, raised in a. This project sparked Flagler's interest in creating a new "American Riviera." During this trip, they went to St. Augustine and the city intrigued Flagler. [1] The Royal Poinciana Hotel was at the time the largest wooden structure in the world. Henry Flagler didn't leave the sanitarium wanting, however, as Alice's estate (to which only her Flagler-hired guardians had direct access) was full of Standard Oil stocks. Jul 1, 2020 - Explore Patricia Cipolla's board "Henry Flagler" on Pinterest. When Mary contracted tuberculosis, at her doctor's recommendation they traveled . His body was sent to St. Augustine on May 23 where he was laid to rest along side of his his first wife Mary Harkness in the Memorial Presbyterian Church mausoleum built for his daughter Jennie Louise. Those first two seasons during which Flagler hosted an innumerable amount of parties, electric light displays, and opulent dinners (all of which were accompanied by music from the best musicians of the time) were met with eager approval by guests and the press. Rogers, in particular, became one of Flagler and Rockefeller's key men in the formation of the Standard Oil Trust. That same year Flagler completed the Hotel Continental in Jacksonville. After the death of Flagler's eldest daughter he made it his goal to create the magnificent sanctuary. Ida Alice (ne Shourds) Flagler had been a caregiver for Mary. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). (However, when Harry Flagler was asked about this later, he denied that Ida Alice had ever been his mother's nurse.). As elated as the couple was to meet their first and only son, her condition made planning for Harry's future feel disturbingly somber. Because Henry Flagler had not yet claimed Florida as his own, Savannah, Georgia was considered to be the last bastion of civilization on the East Coast. Cutthroat Cruel business man. Was Colonel Henry Ostrom's first wife Elizabeth FLAGLER? Castleden, Louise Decatur. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, to Reverend and Mrs. Isaac Flagler. This touched off a firestorm of protest from independent oil well owners, including boycotts and vandalism, which eventually led to the discovery of Standard Oil's part in the deal. Louis Comfort Tiffany (who was about ten years into his monumental career) was hired to decorate the hotel and craft its windows. He later joined Daniel in a grain business started with his uncle Lamon in Bellevue, Ohio. Played by Tom Amandes. They had two daughters, Jennie Louise and Carrie. "Henry M. Flagler's Hotel Ponce de Len.". Researching those perspectives is like playing the telephone game with the dead; something is bound to get confused.). His wife, Mary Harkness, had never been of robust health; she had borne three children. Chandler, David Leon. Seasons 4, 6-7. Sixty miles (97km) south, the area today known as Miami was reportedly unharmed by the freeze. Dr. Shelton had attended Flagler's daughter Jennie Benedict when she died from complications after childbirth in 1889. To get a more in-depth narrative of the life of that building complex, visit The Ponce de Leon Hotel's Historical Place profile on our website. Asylum Hospital for crazy people. Biography. She had been en route to St. Augustine from Charleston, South Carolina on the schooner Oneida. He became president of the Symphony Society of New York in 1914 . "The Flagler Pavilion was built across the street at Edgewood for the Flaglers' daughter Elizabeth's 1927 wedding to J. Andrews Harris lll," said Millbrook Historian David Greenwood. He was born on January 2, 1830 and his birthplace is Hopewell, NY. [56][57], When the Department of Justice prosecuted four Flagler employment agents in 1908 for "conspiracy to hold workmen in peonage and slavery," the Flagler-owned The Florida Times-Union and other Florida newspapers depending on the Times-Union for material or owned by Flagler published articles to "influence juries and public opinion." 1888: The Ponce de Leon Hotel in St. Augustine, 1888: The Casa Monica/ Cordova Hotel in St. Augustine, 1894: The Royal Poinciana Hotel in Palm Beach (on Lake Worth), 1897: The Royal Palm Hotel on the banks of the Miami River, 1901: The Breakers Hotel in Palm Beach (on the Atlantic Coast). But Standard Oil adapted, developing its own European presence, expanding into natural gas production in the U.S., then into gasoline for automobiles, which until then had been considered a waste product. Equivalent to a 15% discount, they put Standard Oil in position to significantly undercut other oil refineries. The case can be made that Flagler was the intellectual genius who devised both the overall concepts and the details of the company policies and programs that turned Standard Oil into the most feared, powerful, and profitable company of the 19th and early . Henry Morrison Flagler (1830 - 1913) Henry Morrison Flagler Born 2 Jan 1830 in Hopewell, Ontario, New York, USA Ancestors Son of Isaac Flagler and Elizabeth (Caldwell) Flagler Brother of Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness [half] and Daniel Morrison Harkness [half] Husband of Mary (Harkness) Flagler married 9 Nov 1853 (to 18 May 1881) in Huron, Ohio . As a gift to Kenan, Flagler built Whitehall, a 55-room winter getaway in Palm Beach. However, Henry Flagler did not join his half-brother. [43], When Flagler's first wife Mary (ne Harkness) fell sick, his physician recommended they travel to Jacksonville for the winter to escape the brutal conditions of the North. So, when sources from the time period say that Ida Alice Shourds Flagler was insane, one must look closely and think critically. However, a great cloud of bad luck was soon to fall over the Flagler family. It added its own pipelines, tank cars, and home delivery network. After Mary died Henry married her nurse-caregiver, Ida Alice Shourds. University Press of Florida. Mary Harkness had been frail since childhood and her father often sent to a boarding school Savannah, Georgia as a means of sparing her from harsh northern winters. After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. Generally, we are not often able to share specifics about the man himself. July, 1975. pg. He was the baby of the household, being born several years after the youngest of his siblings. the Trust and Non-Profit Organization established by Flagler's grand-daughter Jean Flagler Matthews, to preserve Whitehall, has . He himself is located to the side of them. Both Elizabeth and Isaac had been married twice before, and Henry had a half- sister (his father's daughter from a previous marriage) named Ann-Caroline, or "Carrie," and a half-brother, Dan Harkness (his mother's . It is one of his most significant projects, because it was constructed as a memorial to Flagler's only daughter, Jenny. Standard's most potent weapons against competitors were underselling, differential pricing, and secret transportation rebates. His mother, the widowed Elizabeth Caldwell (Morrison) Harkness, had brought two sons to the marriage with Flagler from her previous marriage to widower Dr. David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. This is somewhat my case. It supplied kerosene by tank cars that brought the fuel to local markets, and tank wagons then delivered to retail customers, thus bypassing the existing network of wholesale jobbers. The National Petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to facilitate the oil futures trading. The couple had two daughters, Jennie Louise, born in 1855, and Carrie, born in 1858. The railroad was financially unable to rebuild the destroyed sections, so the roadbed and remaining bridges were sold to the State of Florida, which built the Overseas Highway to Key West, using much of the remaining railway infrastructure. Her husband, Henry Morrison Flagler, was fifty-one years old. Together, the three set their sights on opening a distillery that would serve nearby railroad workers. Along with that, Henry Flagler being referred to as a 'Robber Baron' alongside businessmen like Carnegie and Rockefeller is no exaggeration. Standard Oil had gained an aura of invincibility, always prevailing against competitors, critics, and political enemies. Carrie died at the age of 3. By the end of the 1870s, Standard was refining over 90% of the oil in the U.S.[15], In 1877, Standard clashed with Thomas A. Scott the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, its chief hauler. Originally published by E.H. Reynolds in St. Augustine Florida, 1892. When son Harry Harkness Flagler was born in December of 1870, Mary's frail health was greatly weakened by giving birth. Henry Morrison Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York on January 2nd, 1830 to Isaac Flagler and Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler. As he went, Flagler spent exorbitant amounts of money to build hotels in certain cities along the way. Henry M. Flagler's Florida East Coast Railway, Boynton station Nathan Boynton's winter home - later the Hotel Boynton While Murray and other laborers constructed the two-story wooden structure, the Murray family lived in a canvas tent on the west side of the canal (known today at the inland or Intracoastal Waterway). The hotel, the Ponce de Leon, was a success. Graham, Thomas and Leslee F. Keys. By the start of the Civil War in 1861, Rockefeller was brokering most of the Harkness grain. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. Henry married Nancy Flagler in month 1861, at age 25 at marriage place, Michigan. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). I wish I had the brains to think of it. His next project was the Ponce de Leon Hotel, now part of Flagler College. In fact, Henry Flagler was so pleased with his Florida projects that he began the construction of a second hotel, just across the street from the Ponce de Leon. Throughout it all, Mary was made to brave her condition without her husband, who had taken to staying at the Buckingham Hotel in New York, completely immersed in the business of Standard Oil. The Alcazar Hotel and Casa Monica Hotel have their own fascinating histories. Middle child Carrie died just before Christmas in the same year that Henry's mother died (1861). He was connected with government officials and industry elites. Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) built this church to the glory of God as a memorial to his daughter, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict, who passed away as a result of childbirth in 1889. In 1897, Flagler opened the Royal Palm Hotel on the north bank of the Miami River, overlooking Biscayne Bay. [29] Robert Nobel had established his own refining enterprise in the abundant and cheaper Russian oil fields, including the region's first pipeline and the world's first oil tanker.
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